Mutations, DNA, rDNA

Question 1

What do the letters in DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Role for DNA

Answer 2

complete instructions for makin proteins

Question 3

Role for RNA

Answer 3

transfer of information protein production

Question 4

Type of Molecule for DNA

Answer 4

Nucleic acid

Question 5

Type of Molecule for RNA

Answer 5

Nucleic acid

Question 6

Building block for DNA

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

Building blocks for RNA

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

Strand # for DNA

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Strand # for RNA

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Sugar for DNA

Answer 10

deoxyribose

Question 11

Sugar for RNA

Answer 11

ribose

Question 12

Location of DNA

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

Location of RNA

Answer 13

Nucleus Cytoplasm

Question 14

Nitrogen Base Pairs for DNA

Answer 14

ACTG

Question 15

Nitrogen Base for RNA

Answer 15

ACUG

Question 16

Varation of DNA

Answer 16

only one

Question 17

Varation of RNA

Answer 17

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 18

RNA function

Answer 18

-involved in protein synthesis

Question 19

mRNA function

Answer 19

-copies instructions in DNA and carries these to the ribosome
-messenger

Question 20

rRNA function

Answer 20

-compose the ribosome
-ribosomal

Question 21

tRNA function

Answer 21

-carries amino acids to the ribosome
-transfer

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

-subunits are proteins
-Nucleotides are composed of ribose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Question 23

Protein Synthesis

Answer 23

-cells build proteins following instructions coded in genes
-consists of two parts: transcription and translation

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

-DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 25

Transcirption Process

Answer 25

1. DNA unzips from a chromosome
2. free RNA nucleotides are paired to the exposed bases of one of the DNA strand following base pair rules
3. Newly synthesiszed mRNA seperates from this template DNA and DNA zips back up

Question 26

Result of Transcription

Answer 26

-mRNA strand with instructions for building a portein leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm

Question 27

Translation

Answer 27

• instructions in mRNA are used to build a protein

Question 28

Translation Process

Answer 28

1. mRNA binds to the ribosome
2. ribosome searches for start codon (AUG)
3. tRNA brings correct amino acid to the ribosome

Question 29

Codon

Answer 29

three nucleotides on DNA or mRNA

Question 30

phosphate groups attching to sugar makes up the

Answer 30

backbone of the DNA molecule

Question 31

Mutant

Answer 31

an organism expressing a mutated gene

Question 32

Mutation

Answer 32

-a sudden genetic change that can be passed down to further generations
-can be beneficial, harmful, or have no impact
-can happen in many different ways
-caused by both internal or external factors

Question 33

Point Mutations

Answer 33

-most common
-most mutations are recessive and do not show
-some result in abnormalities that show
-some are lethal mutations and result in death

Question 34

Chromosome Mutations

Answer 34

-more drastic b/c more genes are involved
-occur during mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes break and rejoin incorrectly
-usally lethal (never passes down)
- common in plants; results in bigger better fruits

Question 35

Nondisjunction

Answer 35

-occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to seperate correctly during meiosis

Question 36

Somatic Mutations

Answer 36

-mutations in the body cells
-not passed to the children because they only occur in body cells

Question 37

Germ Mutations

Answer 37

-mutations in the germ cells
-passed on to the offspring
-5-10% of cancers can be germing mutations(rare)
-Huntington’s diease, Trisomg 21 and cystic fiberois

Question 38

Causes of Mutations

Answer 38

-mutagenic agents are called mutagons
-mutagons disrupt normal cellular activity