Cell Transport

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

-no energy required
-substances move across the cell membrane WITH the concentratoin gradient
-substances move from HIGH to LOW concentrations
-substances that are nonpolar and have no charge can go through

Question 2

Concentration gradient

Answer 2

a difference of concentrations between two regions (must exsist in order for for molecules to flow)

Question 3

Brownian Movement

Answer 3

the random movement of particles
-molcules are able to naturally diffues due to the mechanism

Question 4

Equilibrum

Answer 4

that state in which the concentration on both sides of the semipermeable membrane are the same (equal)
-the rate of diffusion decreases once equilibrium is reached

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

-requires energy (ATP)
-moves substances across the cell membrane AGAINST the concentratoin gradient (Low to High)
-used to moe very large molecules that will not fit through membranes or transport proteins

Question 6

Simple Diffusion

Answer 6

-passive
molecules simply diffuse through a semipermeable without any aid of transport proteins

Question 7

Faciliated Diffusion

Answer 7

-passive
the transport of polar substances or ions across a semipermeable membrane that require transport proteins

Question 8

Osomois

Answer 8

-passive
the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane (water)

Question 9

Channel Protein

Answer 9

simple tunnels that molecules can use to enter or exit the cell

Question 10

Carrier Protein

Answer 10

proteins that change their shape after interacting with a specific molecule in oder to let it pass through
-seesaw (changes shape)

Question 11

Ion Channels

Answer 11

allows ions in and out of the cell with the concentration gradient (high to low)

Question 12

Hypertonic

Answer 12

-the concentration of water inside the cell is higher than the concentration outside the cell
-water leaves the cell

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

-the concentration inside the cell is lower than the concetration outside the cell
-water enters the cell

Question 14

Isotonic

Answer 14

-water concentration stays equal inside and out of cell
-water enters and leaves the cell at equal rates
-no net movement

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

-active
a process in which cells surround and engulf substances that are TOO BIG to enter the cell
-cells use own membrane and vesicles to engulf
-endo=enter

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

-active
cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles and expels it OUT of cell
-exo=exit

Question 17

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 17

a specialized protein that pumps 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions that are moved into (LOW TO HIGH)

Question 18

Sodium

Answer 18

-generating electrical signals in our neutrons(nerve cells)
-if builds up in cell can cause them to malfunction and be fatal
-sodium constantly sneaking back to cells through passive transport

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

-lipid with a phosphate group attached

Question 20

Polar

Answer 20

attracted to water
-hydrophilic head

Question 21

Nonpolar

Answer 21

repelled by water
-hydrophobic tails

Question 22

Transport Proteins

Answer 22

responsible for moving materials in and out

Question 23

Proteins in Plasma Membrane

Answer 23

transport
receptor
marker

Question 24

Gated Channel Proteins

Answer 24

have a gate or trap to open in order to let certain substances in or out

Question 25

Marker Proteins

Answer 25

-labeled as glycoproteins because they contain carbohydrates
-is to enable a person’s immune system to distinguish its cells from those of invading cells.
-are like name tags that identify the cell

Question 26

Receptor Proteins

Answer 26

-allows the cell to interact and communicate with other cells by picking up signals from other cells
-binds to a molecule