Mutations And Mitosis Flashcards
Types Of mutation-
Substitution, deletion, and insertion
Mutation-
Alteration in sequence of nucleotides
Silent mutation –
Does not change the protein
Missense-
Changes the codon on the strand, changing the amino acid
Nonsense –
Changes the codon to make a stop codon
Frameshift mutation –
when one or more nucleotide is inserted or deleted causing a change in the sequence that alters the protein
Two Ways to get a mutation-
Acquired or inherited
How to get a required mutation?
Either chemical, benzene, ultraviolet light, nitrous oxide, or radiation
How many cells are in your body?
Around 50-100 trillion cells
Why do cells remain small?
- Rate of diffusion (diffusion is fast over short distances but slow over long distances)
- nucleus-can control the entire cell
- Surface area to volume ratio
Interphase
- Growth
- DNA is replicated
- More organelles
Prophase-
- nuclear envelope begins to disappear
- centrioles (animal cells only) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
- spindle fibers form in between poles
Metaphase-
- Chromosomes line up in the middle
- Centrioles at opposite ends
- Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
Anaphase-
- Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of cells
Telophase-
- Chromosomes separate and locate at each end of cell
- Chromatids turn back into chromatin
- Nuclear envelopes reform around each group of chromatin
Daughter cells-
2 identical cells that form when the cell divides and it has the same DNA
Chromatids-
Half of a chromosome
Cytokinesis-
Division of the cell
Mitosis
Division of nucleus
Cyclins-
Proteins that control the cell cycle
Diploid-
Both sets of chromosomes
Haploid-
Only one set of chromosomes
