First Semester Final Flashcards
What are the 8 characteristics of all living things?
- made of cells
- energy required metabolism
- respond to stimulus
- reproductive
- genetic code
- grow and develop
- maintain homeostasis
- evolve
What is the goal of science?
- ) investigate and understand natural world
2. ) explain what you investigated
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- ) ask questions
- ) observe; make inferences; gather knowledge
- ) form hypothesis
- ) conduct a controlled experiment
- ) record and analyze results
What is a controlled experiment?
When everything is the same except the one independent variable
What is a theory?
An idea that can be backed up by experiments
How did Redi conduct his experiment? What did it test?
He proved spontaneous generation wrong by showing that life was not recreated by non living things
He kept the same type of meat, size of jar, and temperature the same and then had different lids to prove it wrong
What are the parts that make up an atom? How are they related and their location?
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons are arranged randomly in the middle and then neutrons are around the outside
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different neutrons and atomic mass
What are SI units? Examples?
International system for measurements
Meters, liters, grand, centimeters
How do you find the atomic number? Atomic mass
Atomic#- # of protons or electrons
Atomic mass- # of protons + neutrons
What is the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds?
Covalent- when atoms share electrons (strong)
Ionic- when one atom donates an electron to another atom
Hydrogen- when a bond is formed between oxygen and hydrogen
What are the basic properties of water?
- cohesion and adhesion
- high specific heat
- solution (solute and solvent)
Define solution-
when the solute is distributed within the main component
Define suspension-
When the solvent wasn’t distributed evenly
What is a pH? What’s the pH of an acid and a base?
Measurement if an acid or a base//
What are the 4 organic compounds of living ings?
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid
What is the cell theory?
Theory that states all living things are made up of cells
What are the differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes- no nucleus, and no membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
Eukaryotes- has nucleus, has membrane
What organelles differ between plant and animal cells?
- Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
- plant cells have a cell wall to protect the cell membrane
What is diffusion? Osmosis?
Diffusion- movement of substances from areas of high to low concentration
Osmosis- diffusion if water
What are the levels of organization with living organisms from simplestto most complex?
Atoms__ molecules__cell__tissue__organ__ organ system
What are the differences between ADP and ATP?
ADP= 2 phosphates\_\_ribose\_\_amino acid ATP= 3 phosphates\_\_ribose\_\_ amino acid
What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur?
-process where plants use the energy from the sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates, oxygen, and a waste. It occurs in in the chloroplasts.
Write the equation for photosynthesis in words and symbols.
Carbon dioxide+water____ glucose+oxygen
CO2+H2O_____________ C6H12O6+ O2
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants= carbon dioxide and water Products= glucose and oxygen
What is produced during the light-dependent reaction?
Light dependent reaction- ATP
Calvin cycle- glucose
What are the stages of respiration?
Glycolysis__fermentation__Krebs Cycle
What is the equation for respiration in both words and symbols?
Glucose+oxygen__carbon dioxide+water+ATP
C6H12O6+O2____ CO2+ H2O+ATP
What are the reactants and products of respiration?
Reactants- glucose and oxygen
Products-carbon dioxide, water and energy
What are the two types of fermentation? What are what are their products?
Alcoholic~~~~and ~~~~Lactic
____________________________
Alcohol~~~~and~~~~ Lactic Acid
What are the 3 stages of respiration? What what are the reactants and products of each? How are they connected to each other?
Glycolysis- R: glucose P: Pyruvic Acid
Krebs cycle- R: Pyruvic acid P: 2 ATP
ETC- R: 2 ATP P: water
