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biology > First Semester Final > Flashcards

First Semester Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of all living things?

A
  • made of cells
  • energy required metabolism
  • respond to stimulus
  • reproductive
  • genetic code
  • grow and develop
  • maintain homeostasis
  • evolve
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1
Q

What is the goal of science?

A
  1. ) investigate and understand natural world

2. ) explain what you investigated

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2
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. ) ask questions
  2. ) observe; make inferences; gather knowledge
  3. ) form hypothesis
  4. ) conduct a controlled experiment
  5. ) record and analyze results
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3
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

When everything is the same except the one independent variable

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4
Q

What is a theory?

A

An idea that can be backed up by experiments

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5
Q

How did Redi conduct his experiment? What did it test?

A

He proved spontaneous generation wrong by showing that life was not recreated by non living things
He kept the same type of meat, size of jar, and temperature the same and then had different lids to prove it wrong

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6
Q

What are the parts that make up an atom? How are they related and their location?

A

Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons are arranged randomly in the middle and then neutrons are around the outside

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7
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different neutrons and atomic mass

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8
Q

What are SI units? Examples?

A

International system for measurements

Meters, liters, grand, centimeters

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9
Q

How do you find the atomic number? Atomic mass

A

Atomic#- # of protons or electrons

Atomic mass- # of protons + neutrons

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10
Q

What is the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds?

A

Covalent- when atoms share electrons (strong)
Ionic- when one atom donates an electron to another atom
Hydrogen- when a bond is formed between oxygen and hydrogen

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11
Q

What are the basic properties of water?

A
  • cohesion and adhesion
  • high specific heat
  • solution (solute and solvent)
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12
Q

Define solution-

A

when the solute is distributed within the main component

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13
Q

Define suspension-

A

When the solvent wasn’t distributed evenly

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14
Q

What is a pH? What’s the pH of an acid and a base?

A

Measurement if an acid or a base//

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15
Q

What are the 4 organic compounds of living ings?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid

16
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

Theory that states all living things are made up of cells

17
Q

What are the differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes- no nucleus, and no membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
Eukaryotes- has nucleus, has membrane

18
Q

What organelles differ between plant and animal cells?

A
  • Chloroplasts are only in plant cells

- plant cells have a cell wall to protect the cell membrane

19
Q

What is diffusion? Osmosis?

A

Diffusion- movement of substances from areas of high to low concentration
Osmosis- diffusion if water

20
Q

What are the levels of organization with living organisms from simplestto most complex?

A

Atoms__ molecules__cell__tissue__organ__ organ system

21
Q

What are the differences between ADP and ATP?

A 
ADP= 2 phosphates\_\_ribose\_\_amino acid
ATP= 3 phosphates\_\_ribose\_\_ amino acid
22
Q

What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur?

A

-process where plants use the energy from the sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates, oxygen, and a waste. It occurs in in the chloroplasts.

23
Q

Write the equation for photosynthesis in words and symbols.

A

Carbon dioxide+water____ glucose+oxygen

CO2+H2O_____________ C6H12O6+ O2

24
Q

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

A 
Reactants= carbon dioxide and water
Products= glucose and oxygen
25
Q

What is produced during the light-dependent reaction?

A

Light dependent reaction- ATP

Calvin cycle- glucose

26
Q

What are the stages of respiration?

A

Glycolysis__fermentation__Krebs Cycle

27
Q

What is the equation for respiration in both words and symbols?

A

Glucose+oxygen__carbon dioxide+water+ATP

C6H12O6+O2____ CO2+ H2O+ATP

28
Q

What are the reactants and products of respiration?

A

Reactants- glucose and oxygen

Products-carbon dioxide, water and energy

29
Q

What are the two types of fermentation? What are what are their products?

A

Alcoholic~~~~and ~~~~Lactic
____________________________
Alcohol~~~~and~~~~ Lactic Acid

30
Q

What are the 3 stages of respiration? What what are the reactants and products of each? How are they connected to each other?

A

Glycolysis- R: glucose P: Pyruvic Acid
Krebs cycle- R: Pyruvic acid P: 2 ATP
ETC- R: 2 ATP P: water

biology (9 decks)

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