Evolution Flashcards
Variation-
Different
Adaptation-
Changing to better fit the environment
Homologous structures-
Similar design but different functions (common ancestor)
Analogous structure-
Similar function but different design (no common ancestor)
Vestigial structure-
Parts with no apparent function
Relative (allele) frequency-
Percent of a particular allele in a population
Gene pool-
All the genes in a population
Speciation-
Formation of new and distinct species in the course
Sedimentary rock-
Types of rocks that are formed by the deposition of material at earths surface
Radioactive dating-
Technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, usually based on a comparison observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope.
Half_life-
the amount of time it takes for 1/2 of any radioactive substance to decay.
Divergent evolution-
Common ancestor but changes occurred due to different environment.
Convergent evolution-
No common ancestor but similar environment
Cladogram-
Diagram showing the relationships between species
Fossils-
The remains or impression of a prehistoric organisms
Natural selection-
The process where organisms adapt to their environment and the ones who better adapted live and make offspring so where the offspring get those traits to survive in that environment.
Evolution-
Change in population NOT a change in an individual but instead a change in traits within a population
Endosymbiotic hypothesis-
Theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes.
Mutation
Change in the structure if gene
Gene shuffling-
Way to rapidly propagate beneficial mutations in directed evolution experiments.
Genetic equilibrium-
Describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool where the frequency does not change from generation to generation
Geographic isolation-
Separation of two populations of same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain, but could end in one population of the species could become another species due to environment changes.
Eukaryotes
With nucleus
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
What island did darwin make many observations from? What are some things he observed?
The galapagos and iguanas, tortoises, and finches
What is the criteria required for natural sleection to occur?
- variation
- competition
- over populate
- adaptation
How are homologous and vestigial structures evidence for evolution?
They both lead us to believe that they were something else before because the way they are structured. With vestigial structures it tells us they once needed it but not have evolved and no longer need it.
According to theory of evolution, what were the first organisms on earth?
Prokaryotes
What was responsible for producing oxygen on earth?
Algeae
1785 Hutton-
Geological forces may be millions of years old
1798 Malthus-
Human population will out grow resources
1809 Lamark-
inheritance of acquired characteristics
1833 Lyell-
Processes of geology had ti have taken millions of years
1859 Darwin-
Wrote “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Comparative biochemistry-
Comparing nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences (order of DNA)
Biogeography-
Use of geography to describe the distribution of species
Comparative embryology-
Closely related organisms go through similar stages in their embryonic development
All vertebrate embryos go through a stage in which they have gills and pouches
T/F: populations tend to be stable in size .
False
Comparative anatomy-
The study of anatomical structures and evolutionary relationships
Dating fossils-
1) sedimentary rock layers
(Lower the fossil the older it is)
2) radiometric dating
(Isotopes and using the amount of carbon left in the organism to determine how old it is)
