Evolution

Question 1

Variation-

Answer 1

Different

Question 2

Adaptation-

Answer 2

Changing to better fit the environment

Question 3

Homologous structures-

Answer 3

Similar design but different functions (common ancestor)

Question 4

Analogous structure-

Answer 4

Similar function but different design (no common ancestor)

Question 5

Vestigial structure-

Answer 5

Parts with no apparent function

Question 6

Relative (allele) frequency-

Answer 6

Percent of a particular allele in a population

Question 7

Gene pool-

Answer 7

All the genes in a population

Question 8

Speciation-

Answer 8

Formation of new and distinct species in the course

Question 9

Sedimentary rock-

Answer 9

Types of rocks that are formed by the deposition of material at earths surface

Question 10

Radioactive dating-

Answer 10

Technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, usually based on a comparison observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope.

Question 11

Half_life-

Answer 11

the amount of time it takes for 1/2 of any radioactive substance to decay.

Question 12

Divergent evolution-

Answer 12

Common ancestor but changes occurred due to different environment.

Question 13

Convergent evolution-

Answer 13

No common ancestor but similar environment

Question 14

Cladogram-

Answer 14

Diagram showing the relationships between species

Question 15

Fossils-

Answer 15

The remains or impression of a prehistoric organisms

Question 16

Natural selection-

Answer 16

The process where organisms adapt to their environment and the ones who better adapted live and make offspring so where the offspring get those traits to survive in that environment.

Question 17

Evolution-

Answer 17

Change in population NOT a change in an individual but instead a change in traits within a population

Question 18

Endosymbiotic hypothesis-

Answer 18

Theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes.

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

Change in the structure if gene

Question 20

Gene shuffling-

Answer 20

Way to rapidly propagate beneficial mutations in directed evolution experiments.

Question 21

Genetic equilibrium-

Answer 21

Describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool where the frequency does not change from generation to generation

Question 22

Geographic isolation-

Answer 22

Separation of two populations of same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain, but could end in one population of the species could become another species due to environment changes.

Question 23

Eukaryotes

Answer 23

With nucleus

Question 24

Prokaryotes

Answer 24

No nucleus

Question 25

What island did darwin make many observations from? What are some things he observed?

Answer 25

The galapagos and iguanas, tortoises, and finches

Question 26

What is the criteria required for natural sleection to occur?

Answer 26

• variation
• competition
• over populate
• adaptation

Question 27

How are homologous and vestigial structures evidence for evolution?

Answer 27

They both lead us to believe that they were something else before because the way they are structured. With vestigial structures it tells us they once needed it but not have evolved and no longer need it.

Question 28

According to theory of evolution, what were the first organisms on earth?

Answer 28

Prokaryotes

Question 29

What was responsible for producing oxygen on earth?

Answer 29

Algeae

Question 30

1785 Hutton-

Answer 30

Geological forces may be millions of years old

Question 31

1798 Malthus-

Answer 31

Human population will out grow resources

Question 32

1809 Lamark-

Answer 32

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 33

1833 Lyell-

Answer 33

Processes of geology had ti have taken millions of years

Question 34

1859 Darwin-

Answer 34

Wrote “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Question 35

Comparative biochemistry-

Answer 35

Comparing nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences (order of DNA)

Question 36

Biogeography-

Answer 36

Use of geography to describe the distribution of species

Question 37

Comparative embryology-

Answer 37

Closely related organisms go through similar stages in their embryonic development

All vertebrate embryos go through a stage in which they have gills and pouches

Question 38

T/F: populations tend to be stable in size .

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Comparative anatomy-

Answer 39

The study of anatomical structures and evolutionary relationships

Question 40

Dating fossils-

Answer 40

1) sedimentary rock layers
(Lower the fossil the older it is)
2) radiometric dating
(Isotopes and using the amount of carbon left in the organism to determine how old it is)