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biology > ECA > Flashcards

ECA Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what enzymes are and describe how they function.

A

They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy.

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2
Q

Why is the relationship between structure and function important in biological systems?

A

If you change the structure it wont do the specific job it is supposed to.

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3
Q

Explain metabolism:

A

Reactions inside an organism; required to keep them alive

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4
Q

Explain homeostasis:

A

Ability to maintain a constant internal environment

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5
Q

Explain Cellular organization:

A

Cells–> tissue–> organs–> organ system–> organism

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6
Q

Explain response to stimuli:

A

Responding to something in environment like touching a hot object and pulling your hand away quickly

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7
Q

Explain growth and developement:

A

Every living thing grows and develops

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8
Q

Explain heredity/DNA:

A

It passes genes from the parents to offspring to keep those traits “alive”

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9
Q

Explain ability to reproduce:

A

The make offspring asexually or sexually

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10
Q

What is the function of cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of nucleus

A

Control center; contains chromatin (DNA with protein)

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12
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Holds the organelles

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13
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Converts food to energy in form of ATP

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14
Q

What is the function of chloroplats?

A

Absorbs sunlight and turns it into food energy

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15
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Where protein is assembled.

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16
Q

List 2 similarities and 2 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

A

S: both are cells, all have DNA, membranes, cytoplasm

D: eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells dont

17
Q

List 2 similarities and 2 differences between plant and animal cells.

A

S: nucleus, cell membranes

D: plants cells have cell walls and chloroplast and animal cells have centrioles

18
Q

Describe the term “semi-permeable” membrane. Why is it important?

A

It only lets certain things in and out of the cell. So then the organelles couldn’t just exit the cell but are kept inside the cell.

19
Q

Write out the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

A

CO2+H2O—–> C6H12O6+O2

Carbon dioxide+water (sunlight–>) glucose+oxygen

20
Q

Write out a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.

A

Glucose+oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water+36ATP

21
Q

Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration often reffered to as a cycle?

A

What is produced by one is used by the other and visa-vers.

22
Q

What is the role and importance of ATP in living organisms? Explain how energy is released from ATP.

A

When your break the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate connection food eaten provides the energy.

23
Q

What is the shape and function of DNA?

A

Double helix; phosphate,sugar,base
Adenine__Thymine
Gaunine__Cytosine

24
Q

How do the cells formed as a result of mitosis compare to the original cell?

A

They are exactly alike

25
Q

How is the order and number of amino acids in protein determines both the structure and function if the protein?

A

If he wrong amino acid is put in it wont take the right shape and wont be able to perform its funtion.

26
Q

What is the difference between diploid and haploid?

A

Diploid- both sets of chromosomes

Haploid- one set of chromosome

27
Q

How do the cells formed as a result of meiosis compare to the original?

A

They are all different and 1/2 number of chromosomes.

28
Q

List 3 similarities and 3 differences between cells produced by meiosis and mitosis.

A

S: cell division, chromosomes, replicate, stages are similar

D: mitosis- happens twice
Meiosis- produces 2 cells
Mitosis- produces 4 cells

29
Q

What is crossing over?

A

When chromatins exchange their genes. Omly occurs in meiosis.

30
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

Whether you get the male or female set of chromosomes

31
Q

What is random fertilization?

A

You dint know which sperm cell is going to fertilize which egg.

32
Q

How do the chromosomes of 2 parents combine to form the unique combination of chromosomes in an offspring through sexual reproduction?

A

Each parent would only give the offspring 1/2 of their genes and depending on which parent had which dominant trait them offspring would get the dominant trait from the parents traits

33
Q

Why is Gregor Mendel considered “the father of genetics”? And what contribution did he make to the field

A

He discovered parents pass on traits to their offspring and he gave us the words dominant and recessive.

34
Q

Explain the law of independent assortment and why it is important.

A

The fact that the inheritance of one trait doesnt effect another trait.

35
Q

Explain the law of segregation and why it is important.

A

It told us tat when sex cells are formed they only receive 1 of 2 alleles.

36
Q

What are the 6 main elements found in a living organism?

A

Carbon-oxygen-sulfur-hydrogen-phosphorus-nitrogen

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