ECA Flashcards
Explain what enzymes are and describe how they function.
They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy.
Why is the relationship between structure and function important in biological systems?
If you change the structure it wont do the specific job it is supposed to.
Explain metabolism:
Reactions inside an organism; required to keep them alive
Explain homeostasis:
Ability to maintain a constant internal environment
Explain Cellular organization:
Cells–> tissue–> organs–> organ system–> organism
Explain response to stimuli:
Responding to something in environment like touching a hot object and pulling your hand away quickly
Explain growth and developement:
Every living thing grows and develops
Explain heredity/DNA:
It passes genes from the parents to offspring to keep those traits “alive”
Explain ability to reproduce:
The make offspring asexually or sexually
What is the function of cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of nucleus
Control center; contains chromatin (DNA with protein)
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Holds the organelles
What is the function of mitochondria?
Converts food to energy in form of ATP
What is the function of chloroplats?
Absorbs sunlight and turns it into food energy
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein is assembled.
List 2 similarities and 2 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
S: both are cells, all have DNA, membranes, cytoplasm
D: eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells dont
List 2 similarities and 2 differences between plant and animal cells.
S: nucleus, cell membranes
D: plants cells have cell walls and chloroplast and animal cells have centrioles
Describe the term “semi-permeable” membrane. Why is it important?
It only lets certain things in and out of the cell. So then the organelles couldn’t just exit the cell but are kept inside the cell.
Write out the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
CO2+H2O—–> C6H12O6+O2
Carbon dioxide+water (sunlight–>) glucose+oxygen
Write out a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
Glucose+oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water+36ATP
Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration often reffered to as a cycle?
What is produced by one is used by the other and visa-vers.
What is the role and importance of ATP in living organisms? Explain how energy is released from ATP.
When your break the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate connection food eaten provides the energy.
What is the shape and function of DNA?
Double helix; phosphate,sugar,base
Adenine__Thymine
Gaunine__Cytosine
How do the cells formed as a result of mitosis compare to the original cell?
They are exactly alike
How is the order and number of amino acids in protein determines both the structure and function if the protein?
If he wrong amino acid is put in it wont take the right shape and wont be able to perform its funtion.
What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
Diploid- both sets of chromosomes
Haploid- one set of chromosome
How do the cells formed as a result of meiosis compare to the original?
They are all different and 1/2 number of chromosomes.
List 3 similarities and 3 differences between cells produced by meiosis and mitosis.
S: cell division, chromosomes, replicate, stages are similar
D: mitosis- happens twice
Meiosis- produces 2 cells
Mitosis- produces 4 cells
What is crossing over?
When chromatins exchange their genes. Omly occurs in meiosis.
What is independent assortment?
Whether you get the male or female set of chromosomes
What is random fertilization?
You dint know which sperm cell is going to fertilize which egg.
How do the chromosomes of 2 parents combine to form the unique combination of chromosomes in an offspring through sexual reproduction?
Each parent would only give the offspring 1/2 of their genes and depending on which parent had which dominant trait them offspring would get the dominant trait from the parents traits
Why is Gregor Mendel considered “the father of genetics”? And what contribution did he make to the field
He discovered parents pass on traits to their offspring and he gave us the words dominant and recessive.
Explain the law of independent assortment and why it is important.
The fact that the inheritance of one trait doesnt effect another trait.
Explain the law of segregation and why it is important.
It told us tat when sex cells are formed they only receive 1 of 2 alleles.
What are the 6 main elements found in a living organism?
Carbon-oxygen-sulfur-hydrogen-phosphorus-nitrogen
