Mutations Flashcards
Point
Single base pair changed insertion / addition Deletion Substitution Most common
Bigger
Translocation
Deletion
More than single base pair
Inversion
Mutations
DNA had changed
Wild type
No mutated
Mutations three categories
Chemical energy
high energy radiation
Some viruses
Examples of high energy radiation
X rays
Ultra violent sunlight
Examples of viruses
HIV
HIV
Cause surgical cancer
Example of chemical
Gasoline, darkened meat, hot dog (nitrates turned to nitrosmein, hair dye
Carcinogen
Cause cancer
Carcenoman
Type of cancer
Inversion
Piece of DNA out own DNA and reinsert upside down or opposite directions
Deletion
Piece of DNA break off, is lost
Examples of deletion (bigger)
5 million base pair lost, autism
Effects of deletion and addition
Cause frame to shift = different amino acid sequence
Insertion / addition
Single base pair stuck, and doesn’t belong there
Amino acid sequence
Determine secondary and tertiary structure
Substituon
Have one base pair structure for another l
Cause amino acid to be different
Examples of subsituoon
Sickle cell FFI
FFI
Fatal familia insomnia
Will die when sleep
Hemoglobin
In red blood cell
Transport oxygen
300 million in red blood cells
207 amino acids long
Sickle cell
Cause red blood cells to be sickle shaped
Translocation
Piece of DNA coming out of own DNA molecule and insert to different chromosome
Why remove non coding
before leave nucleus have to remove non coding region of mRNA
Coding
Codes for specific amino acid sequence
Non coding
Not coding for amino acid sequence
Splice some
Cut out introns
Reattach exons
Result
Functional rna
DNA printing
Use non coding DNA to determine junk DNA, use for determining ID
What is splice some made out of
Protein, sRNA and other proteins
Frame shift mutations
Insertions and deletions
