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mutations Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

germ cell mutations

A

occurs only in sex cells; passed on to offsprings

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2
Q

germ cells

A

sex cells

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3
Q

sex cells

A

germ cells

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4
Q

turner’s syndrom

A

germ cell mutations

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5
Q

somatic cell

A

body cells

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6
Q

body cells

A

somatic cells

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7
Q

somatic cell mutation

A

occurs in body cells; passed on to daughter cell through mitosis

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8
Q

cancer tumours

A

somatic cell mutations

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9
Q

chromosome mutations

A

occurs during cell division
changes in structure of chromosome or loss occurs

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10
Q

occurs during cell division
changes in structure of chromosome or loss occurs

A

chromosome mutations

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11
Q

chromosome deletion

A

a piece of the chromosome breaks off

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12
Q

a piece of the chromosome breaks off

A

chromosome deletion

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13
Q

Inversion

A

a piece of the chromosome
breaks off and reattaches itself in
reverse order.

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14
Q

a piece of the chromosome
breaks off and reattaches itself in
reverse order.

A

Inversion

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15
Q

translocation

A

a broken piece from one chromosome attaches itself to a non-homologous chromosome

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16
Q

a broken piece from one chromosome attaches itself to a non-homologous chromosome

A

translocation

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17
Q

Nondisjunction

A

occurs when a replicated chromosome pair fails to separate during cell meiosis.

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18
Q

occurs when a replicated chromosome pair fails to separate during cell meiosis.

A

Nondisjunction

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19
Q

gene mutation

A

when a nitrogen base or bases are altered
results in changes in amino acid sequences

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20
Q

when a nitrogen base or bases are altered
results in changes in amino acid sequences

A

gene mutation

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21
Q

point mutation

A

the substitution, addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base.

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22
Q

the substitution, addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base.

A

point mutation

23
Q

Frame Shift Mutation

A

a specific type of point mutation where the addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base causes the genetic message to be read out of sequence.

24
Q

a specific type of point mutation where the addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base causes the genetic message to be read out of sequence.

A

Frame Shift Mutation

25
Q

Mutation caused by (general)

A

environmental factors that damage DNA

26
Q

environmental factors that damage DNA

A

Mutagens

27
Q

Mutagens

A

environmental factors that damage DNA

28
Q

Mutation caused by (specific)

A

UV light, cigarette tars, asbestos, viruses, pollution, certain chemicals, nuclear radiation

29
Q

What causes both mutations?

A

Somatic and germ cell mutations

30
Q

Karyotype

A

A karyotype is a spread of paired homologous chromosomes from the cell of a
person.
It is used to diagnose chromosomal
abnormalities that cause Down’s,
Kleinfelter’s and Turner’s syndrome.
It can also be used to positively ID the
gender of a developing fetus.

31
Q

__________ is a spread of paired homologous chromosomes from the cell of a
person.
It is used to diagnose chromosomal
abnormalities that cause Down’s,
Kleinfelter’s and Turner’s syndrome.
It can also be used to positively ID the
gender of a developing fetus.

A

karyotype

32
Q

is the small germ chromosome

A

Y

33
Q

is the big germ chromosome

A

X

34
Q

Males

A

XY

35
Q

Females

A

XX

36
Q

Downs

A

3 21’s

37
Q

turners

A

only X

38
Q

klinfelters

A

XXY

39
Q

XY

A

male

40
Q

XX

A

female

41
Q

3 21s

A

Down’s

42
Q

trisomy 21

A

Downs

43
Q

X

A

Turners

44
Q

XXY

A

Kleinfelters

45
Q

hemophilia

A

sex-linked recessive

46
Q

Multiple allele

A

three or more allele of one gene produce a single trait (ex. blood type)

47
Q

Sex-influenced traits

A

the presence of horomones can influence the phenotype (outcome) of a spesific trait. FOund on somatic chromsoomes

48
Q

codominate allel and sickle cell

A

A codominant allele that produces sickle
shaped blood cells. AA = normal, AA’ = both
normal and sickle cells, A’A’ = sickle cells
only. Sickle cells cause clogged capillaries
causing a flow blockage to oxygen to the rest
of the body. Furthermore, it produces
fatigue, headaches, cramps and leads to
organ failure
[AA = normal AB = mild case BB = serious case]

49
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

single dominite allele trait that effects thoese in their 30s 40s

50
Q

nondisjunction

A

failure of a set of chromosomes to seperate. results in extra or insufficent chromosomes in a cell

51
Q

three or more allele of one gene produce a single trait (ex. blood type)

A

multiple allele

52
Q

the presence of horomones can influence the phenotype (outcome) of a spesific trait. FOund on somatic chromsoomes

A

sex-influenced trait

53
Q

single dominite allele trait that effects thoese in their 30s 40s

A

Huntington’s disease

54
Q

failure of a set of chromosomes to seperate. results in extra or insufficent chromosomes in a cell

A

non-disjunction

Biology (11 decks)

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