microbe vocab

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microrganisms

Question 2

Archaeebacterium

Answer 2

An prokaryotic organisms that has no peptidoglycan in its cell walls. Group between bacteria and eukkaroytes

Question 3

Bacillus

Answer 3

A rod shaped bacterium

Question 4

Chemoautotroph

Answer 4

an organism that synthesizes its own energy from chemicals (NOT light)

Question 5

Coccus

Answer 5

Sphere shapped bacterium

Question 6

Eubacterium

Answer 6

Rigid cell wall, gram positive. Includes all contemporary bacteria except archaebacterium

Question 7

Extreme halophile

Answer 7

an archaebacterium that lives in high salt constellation

Question 8

Gram-negative

Answer 8

Pink, usually outer covering on cell wall

Question 9

Gram-poistive

Answer 9

Purple, usually no outer covering on cell wall. Thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 10

Gram-stain

Answer 10

A series of stains that dye bacteria based off of cell chemistry. Thin peptidoglycan layer

Question 11

Heterocyst

Answer 11

a cell of cyanophytes that fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Large, transparent, thick walled found in filaments of some blue-green algae and some fungi

Question 12

Population bloom

Answer 12

The sudden increase of an organism population

Question 13

Spirillum

Answer 13

Spiral shaped eubacteria

Question 14

Staphylococcus

Answer 14

a eubacterium that occurs in grape like structures

Question 15

Streptococcus

Answer 15

Gram + eubacterium chains

Question 16

Thermoacidophile

Answer 16

an archaebacterium that lives in hot/acid places

Question 17

Conjugation bridge

Answer 17

In some alage and fungi its a pathway to transfer genetic information from one organism to another

Question 18

Capsule

Answer 18

a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelooe. Can be cause of disease.

Question 19

Conjugation

Answer 19

the genetic transfer of genetic material by direct cell to cell contact

Question 20

Endospore

Answer 20

a dormant bacteria cell enclosed by a tough coating

Question 21

Facultative anaerobe

Answer 21

an organism that can metabolize with or without oxygen but prefers none

Question 22

obligate aerobe

Answer 22

an organism that requires oxygen

Question 23

Pilus

Answer 23

an appendege bacteria uses to attach to objects

Question 24

Saprophyte

Answer 24

an organism that feeds off dead material

Question 25

Thermophilic

Answer 25

Bacteria that best grows between 40 and 110 c (104 - 230 f) aka an organism living at a high tempeature

Question 26

Transduction

Answer 26

in viruses the process where genetic info is passed from one cell to another

Question 27

Transformation

Answer 27

a process of direct transfer of nucleic acid from one bacteria to another

Question 28

Endotoxin

Answer 28

a molecule within the cell wall of a gram-negative bacteria that causes an inflamitory respose in host

Question 29

Exotoxin

Answer 29

Made of protein, produced by gram-positive bacteria and is secreated into the surrounding enviorment

Question 30

Pathology

Answer 30

the study of disease

Question 31

Toxin

Answer 31

a chemical that causes harm in a host

Question 32

obligate anaerobe

Answer 32

an organisms that requires the lack of oxygen