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bacteria Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bacteria is

A

most common and most ancient

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2
Q

how long ago did bacteria form?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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3
Q

how many types of bacteria species

A

thousands of species

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4
Q

where is it found?

A

5m deep soil, fresh/salt water, air, animals+plants bodies, glaciers, extreme environments

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5
Q

size range

A

500-10,000mm

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6
Q

what kingdom?

A

Monera (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)

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7
Q

The “true bacteria”

A

Eubacteria

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8
Q

Eubacteria

A

The “true bacteria”

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9
Q

what do eubacteria cells have?

A

peptiodoglycan

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10
Q

peptidoglycan

A

very tough protein/carbohydrate compound

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11
Q

which has more peptidoglycan?

A

gram+

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12
Q

are there more archaebacteria or eubacteria?

A

eubacteria

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13
Q

how is eubacteria classified?

A

shape, size, response to gram stain and genetic characteristics

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14
Q

gram+

A

purple

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15
Q

purple

A

gram+

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16
Q

gram-

A

pink

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17
Q

pink

A

gram-

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18
Q

Archaebacteria

A

the ancient bacteria

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19
Q

the ancient bacteria

A

archaebacteria

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20
Q

do archaebacteria genes resemble genes?

A

yes

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21
Q

do archaebacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan?

A

no

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22
Q

where are archaebacteria found?

A

extreme environments, ex. swamps, salt lakes, hot springs

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23
Q

methanogens

A

get energy from turning h2 and co2 to methane gas ch4

o2 is poisonous to them

lives where o2 is absent (swamps, sewage, intestinal tracts of animals)

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24
Q

get energy from turning h2 and co2 to methane gas ch4

o2 is poisonous to them

lives where o2 is absent (swamps, sewage, intestinal tracts of animals)

A

methanogens

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25
Q

extreme halophiles

A

“salt – loving”
* Thrive in salty places
* They use salt to produce ATP

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26
Q

“salt – loving”
* Thrive in salty places
* They use salt to produce ATP

A

extreme halophiles

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27
Q

Thermoacidophiles

A

“heat/acid – loving”
* Thrive in extremely acidic
places that have high temperatures
(2300 F and pH< 2)
* Occur at volcanic or hydrothermal
vents, hot springs and cracks
in the ocean floor.

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28
Q

“heat/acid – loving”
* Thrive in extremely acidic
places that have high temperatures
(2300 F and pH< 2)
* Occur at volcanic or hydrothermal
vents, hot springs and cracks
in the ocean floor.
TYPES OF ARCHAEBACTERIA

A

Thermoacidophiles

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29
Q

coccus

A

spherical shaped cells

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30
Q

spherical shaped cells

A

coccus

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31
Q

diplococcus

A

cells joined in pairs

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32
Q

cells joined in pairs

A

diplococcus

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33
Q

Staphlococcus

A

cells arranged in clusters

34
Q

cells arranged in clusters

A

straphlococcus

35
Q

streptococcus

A

cells arranged in filaments

36
Q

cells arranged in filaments

A

streptococcus

37
Q

tetrad

A

four cells arranged in a square

38
Q

four cells arranged in a square

A

tetrad

39
Q

baccillus

A

rod shaped cells

40
Q

rod shaped cells

A

baccilus

41
Q

Diplobacillus

A

cells joined in pairs

42
Q

cells joined in pairs

A

Diplobacillus

43
Q

streptobacillus

A

cells arranged in a filament

44
Q

cells arranged in a filament

A

streptobacillus

45
Q

spirillum

A

spiral shaped cells

46
Q

spiral shaped cells

A

spirillum

47
Q

most bacteria has a __ + ___ + ____

A

cell wall, membrane and cytoplasm

48
Q

prokaryotes lack what

A

all lack a nuclear membrane and organelles

49
Q

what do some backteria have?

A

endospores and capsules (slime layer

50
Q

endospore

A

thick though envelope that covers bacteria and protects it against harsh environments like heat and drought

51
Q

thick though envelope that covers bacteria and protects it against harsh environments like heat and drought

A

endospore

52
Q

DNA shape

A

single circular structure

53
Q

capsules

A

slime layer that assists the cell in attaching to other mediums
which is the key to virulence

54
Q

slime layer that assists the cell in attaching to other mediums
which is the key to virulence

A

capsule

55
Q

Virulence

A

those bacteria that cause disease/infection

56
Q

forms with capsule

A

virulent

57
Q

forms without capsule

A

not-virulent

58
Q

pili

A

short hairs that aide in attachment and DNA transfer

59
Q

glycocalyx

A

fuzzy / sticky capsule forms for host attachment

60
Q

flagella

A

one, few or many which aide in movement

61
Q

optimum tempeture

A

26-28

62
Q

likes what?

A

temp, moist, darkness, food source

63
Q

autotrophs

A

able to make their own food

64
Q

chemosynthesis

A

breaks down chemicals for energy

65
Q

chemautotrophs

A

prob first living things

66
Q

hetertrophs

A

most depend upon other living things

67
Q

example of hetertrophs

A

saprophytes, parasites

68
Q

saprophyte

A

live off dead organic matter

69
Q

parasites

A

invade bodies of plants and animals

70
Q

binary fission

A

splits into two (asexual)

71
Q

conjugation

A

trades DNA, sexual through pili

72
Q

Exotoxin

A

proteins made and secreted by living gram (+) bacteria

73
Q

proteins made and secreted by living gram (+) bacteria

A

Exotoxin

74
Q

Endotoxins

A

made of lipids and carbo’s by dead gram (-) bacteria

75
Q

made of lipids and carbo’s by dead gram (-) bacteria

A

Endotoxins

76
Q

how do antibiotics work

A

Interfere with cellular functions

77
Q

penicillin

A

cell wall synthesis

78
Q

tetracycline

A

interferes with bacteria protein synthesis

79
Q

can be resistant by

A

cell walls blocking passage of antibiotic or secreting defensive enzymes that breakdown antibiotics

80
Q

can do what

A

food, clean up chemicals, mine minerals, insecticides

81
Q

possible food preservation

A

kills and prevents oxygen, dehydrating/salting, refrigeration`

Biology (11 decks)

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