Cell parts (try 2) Flashcards
Not all cells within an _____ are like.
organism
Even cells within the same organism show great _____ in size, shape and internal organization (ie. Never, skin, cheek, rbc’s, muscle)
diversity
Cell
the smallest unit of life that can carry on all the functions of life.
the smallest unit of life that can carry on all the functions of life.
cell
Unicellular organism
A complete living thing costing of only one cell.
A complete living thing costing of only one cell.
Unicellular organism
Multicellular organism
A living thing consisting of more than one cell.
A living thing consisting of more than one cell.
Multicellular organism
Prokaryote
cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
prokaryote
Eukaryote
cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
Robert Hooke
English scientist in 1665 observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant material) with a microscope. “little boxes” reminded him of small rooms = cells. First to use the word “cell”.
English scientist in 1665 observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant material) with a microscope. “little boxes” reminded him of small rooms = cells. First to use the word “cell”.
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch microscope maker. In 1675 was the first
person to observe living cells.
Dutch microscope maker. In 1675 was the first person to observer living cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
1838 this German botanist concluded that all plants were composed of cells
1838 this German botanist concluded that all plants were composed of cells
Schleiden
Schwann
1839 this German zoologist concluded that all animals were composed of cells.
1839 this German zoologist concluded that all animals were composed of cells.
Schwann
virchow
1855 this German physician determined that cells came from other cells
1855 this German physician determined that cells came from other cells
virchow
Cell theory #1
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cell Theory #2
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.
Cell theory #3
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.
All ______ are composed of one or more cells
living things
____ are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.
Cells
Cells come only from the _____ of existing cells
reproduction
The electron microscope has revealed many specialized structures (______) inside the cell. Each “little organ” performs one or more special tasks to keep the cell alive.
organelles
organelles
The electron microscope has revealed many specialized structures (______) inside the cell. Each “little organ” performs one or more special tasks to keep the cell alive.
Cytoplasm
region of the cell between the
cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cytosol
The aqueous gelatin like fluid that
bathes the organelles on the inside of the
cell membrane.
region of the cell between the
cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The aqueous gelatin like fluid that
bathes the organelles on the inside of the
cell membrane.
Cytosol
Mitochondria
powerhouse” of the cell.
Contains its own DNA. Site of aerobic
respiration.
powerhouse” of the cell.
Contains its own DNA. Site of aerobic
respiration.
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Most numerous of the organelles.
Not surrounded by a membrane. Organize the
synthesis of proteins.
Most numerous of the organelles.
Not surrounded by a membrane. Organize the
synthesis of proteins.
Ribosomes
free ribosomes
make proteins for inside cell.
make proteins for inside cell.
free ribosomes
attached ribosomes
make proteins for outside.
make proteins for outside.
attached ribosomes
ER - rough
prepares proteins for export.
prepares proteins for export.
ER rough
ER smooth
synthesizes, regulates and breaks down
chemicals.
synthesizes, regulates and breaks down
chemicals.
ER smooth
• Golgi Apparatus
System of membranes that
process, package and secrete substances produced
by the cell. Works closely with ER to modify
proteins for export.
System of membranes that
process, package and secrete substances produced
by the cell. Works closely with ER to modify
proteins for export.
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Common “little stomachs”
in animals. Digests molecules, old
organelles and foreign substances like
bacteria and viruses.
Common “little stomachs”
in animals. Digests molecules, old
organelles and foreign substances like
bacteria and viruses.
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton
Skeleton of the cell
which gives the cell its shape. Made of
non membrane bound organelles,
microfilaments and microtubules.
Skeleton of the cell
which gives the cell its shape. Made of
non membrane bound organelles,
microfilaments and microtubules.
Cytoskeleton
Cilia
Short, hair-like extensions of cells that
function in movement. Commonly found in
large numbers.
Short, hair-like extensions of cells that
function in movement. Commonly found in
large numbers.
Cilia
Flagella
Long, tail-like extensions
of cells that occur singly, or in pairs;
also for movement.
Long, tail-like extensions
of cells that occur singly, or in pairs;
also for movement.
Flagella
Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)
Double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus and controls what enters and leaves
the nucleus.
Double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus and controls what enters and leaves
the nucleus.
Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)
Chromatin
Thin, invisible, non-active strands of
hereditary info. (DNA + protein).
Thin, invisible, non-active strands of
hereditary info. (DNA + protein).
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Thick, coiled, densely packed,
visible, active strands of hereditary info. (DNA +
proteins).
Thick, coiled, densely packed,
visible, active strands of hereditary info. (DNA +
proteins).
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Can be one or more present. Site
where ribosomes are synthesized.
Can be one or more present. Site
where ribosomes are synthesized.
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Directs all cell activity; carries the
hereditary information (DNA).
Directs all cell activity; carries the
hereditary information (DNA).
Nucleus
Cell wall:
The outer wall secreted around the cell
membrane of plant cells; it is nonliving, made of
cellulose, and used for support and protection.
The outer wall secreted around the cell
membrane of plant cells; it is nonliving, made of
cellulose, and used for support and protection.
Cell Wall
• Cell membrane:
A semi-
Permeable lipid and
protein boundary that controls
what passes in and out of the
cell. “chain link fence” of the cell
A semi-
Permeable lipid and
protein boundary that controls
what passes in and out of the
cell. “chain link fence” of the cell
Cell membrane
Found in animal cells and function in
cell division (mitosis).
Centrioles
Centrioles
Found in animal cells and function in
cell division (mitosis).
Microtubules
Help shape and support the cell;
also make up cilia and flagella.
Help shape and support the cell;
also make up cilia and flagella.
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Help shape and support cell;
play a role in cytoplasmic streaming.
Help shape and support cell;
play a role in cytoplasmic streaming.
Microfilaments
Vacuole
Supports cell wall in plants (turgor
pressure); stores food, waste, enzymes and poison.
Supports cell wall in plants (turgor
pressure); stores food, waste, enzymes and poison.
Vacuole
Plastids
Found in plants and contain their
own DNA. Store pigments that absorb light
or store food (starch, fats).
Found in plants and contain their
own DNA. Store pigments that absorb light
or store food (starch, fats).
Plasatids
Chloroplasts
Plastids that contains green
pigment (chlorophyll) which traps and converts
sunlight into food (sugar).
Plastids that contains green
pigment (chlorophyll) which traps and converts
sunlight into food (sugar).
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Plastids that make and store
accessory pigments (orange, yellow and red)
which aide in photosynthesis.
Plastids that make and store
accessory pigments (orange, yellow and red)
which aide in photosynthesis.
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts
Plastids that store food such as
starch, protein and fat.
Plastids that store food such as
starch, protein and fat.
Leucoplasts
Prokaryotic
No nucleus or nuclear membrane ie. bacteria
No nucleus or nuclear membrane ie. bacteria
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Nucleus and nuclear membrane ie. animal and plant cell
Nucleus and nuclear membrane ie. animal and plant cell
Eukaryotic
Plant
Autotrophic
(make their own food)
• Cell wall
• Large vacuole
• Plastids
• Few lysosomes if any
• No centrioles
Animal
Heterotrophic
(must eat food)
• No cell wall
• Small vacuole if any
• No plastids
• Many lysosomes
• Centrioles
Autotrophic
plant
cell wall
plant
large vacuole
plant
plastids
plant
few if any lysosomes
plant
no centrioles
plant
heterotrophic
animal
no cell wall
animal
small vacuole if any
animal
no plastids
animal
many lysosomes
animal
centrioles
animal
autotrophic
make their own food
heterotrophic
must eat food
