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Biology > Cell parts (try 2) > Flashcards

Cell parts (try 2) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Not all cells within an _____ are like.

A

organism

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2
Q

Even cells within the same organism show great _____ in size, shape and internal organization (ie. Never, skin, cheek, rbc’s, muscle)

A

diversity

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3
Q

Cell

A

the smallest unit of life that can carry on all the functions of life.

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4
Q

the smallest unit of life that can carry on all the functions of life.

A

cell

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5
Q

Unicellular organism

A

A complete living thing costing of only one cell.

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6
Q

A complete living thing costing of only one cell.

A

Unicellular organism

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7
Q

Multicellular organism

A

A living thing consisting of more than one cell.

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8
Q

A living thing consisting of more than one cell.

A

Multicellular organism

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9
Q

Prokaryote

A

cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

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10
Q

cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

A

prokaryote

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11
Q

Eukaryote

A

cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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12
Q

cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryote

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13
Q

Robert Hooke

A

English scientist in 1665 observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant material) with a microscope. “little boxes” reminded him of small rooms = cells. First to use the word “cell”.

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14
Q

English scientist in 1665 observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant material) with a microscope. “little boxes” reminded him of small rooms = cells. First to use the word “cell”.

A

Robert Hooke

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15
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Dutch microscope maker. In 1675 was the first
person to observe living cells.

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16
Q

Dutch microscope maker. In 1675 was the first person to observer living cells.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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17
Q

Schleiden

A

1838 this German botanist concluded that all plants were composed of cells

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18
Q

1838 this German botanist concluded that all plants were composed of cells

A

Schleiden

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19
Q

Schwann

A

1839 this German zoologist concluded that all animals were composed of cells.

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20
Q

1839 this German zoologist concluded that all animals were composed of cells.

A

Schwann

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21
Q

virchow

A

1855 this German physician determined that cells came from other cells

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22
Q

1855 this German physician determined that cells came from other cells

A

virchow

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23
Q

Cell theory #1

A

All living things are composed of one or more cells.

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24
Q

Cell Theory #2

A

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.

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25
Q

Cell theory #3

A

Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

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26
Q

All ______ are composed of one or more cells

A

living things

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27
Q

____ are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.

A

Cells

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28
Q

Cells come only from the _____ of existing cells

A

reproduction

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29
Q

The electron microscope has revealed many specialized structures (______) inside the cell. Each “little organ” performs one or more special tasks to keep the cell alive.

A

organelles

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30
Q

organelles

A

The electron microscope has revealed many specialized structures (______) inside the cell. Each “little organ” performs one or more special tasks to keep the cell alive.

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31
Q

Cytoplasm

A

region of the cell between the
cell membrane and the nucleus.

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32
Q

Cytosol

A

The aqueous gelatin like fluid that
bathes the organelles on the inside of the
cell membrane.

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33
Q

region of the cell between the
cell membrane and the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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34
Q

The aqueous gelatin like fluid that
bathes the organelles on the inside of the
cell membrane.

A

Cytosol

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35
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse” of the cell.
Contains its own DNA. Site of aerobic
respiration.

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36
Q

powerhouse” of the cell.
Contains its own DNA. Site of aerobic
respiration.

A

Mitochondria

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37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Most numerous of the organelles.
Not surrounded by a membrane. Organize the
synthesis of proteins.

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38
Q

Most numerous of the organelles.
Not surrounded by a membrane. Organize the
synthesis of proteins.

A

Ribosomes

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39
Q

free ribosomes

A

make proteins for inside cell.

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40
Q

make proteins for inside cell.

A

free ribosomes

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41
Q

attached ribosomes

A

make proteins for outside.

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42
Q

make proteins for outside.

A

attached ribosomes

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43
Q

ER - rough

A

prepares proteins for export.

44
Q

prepares proteins for export.

A

ER rough

45
Q

ER smooth

A

synthesizes, regulates and breaks down
chemicals.

46
Q

synthesizes, regulates and breaks down
chemicals.

A

ER smooth

47
Q

• Golgi Apparatus

A

System of membranes that
process, package and secrete substances produced
by the cell. Works closely with ER to modify
proteins for export.

48
Q

System of membranes that
process, package and secrete substances produced
by the cell. Works closely with ER to modify
proteins for export.

A

Golgi apparatus

49
Q

Lysosomes

A

Common “little stomachs”
in animals. Digests molecules, old
organelles and foreign substances like
bacteria and viruses.

50
Q

Common “little stomachs”
in animals. Digests molecules, old
organelles and foreign substances like
bacteria and viruses.

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Skeleton of the cell
which gives the cell its shape. Made of
non membrane bound organelles,
microfilaments and microtubules.

52
Q

Skeleton of the cell
which gives the cell its shape. Made of
non membrane bound organelles,
microfilaments and microtubules.

A

Cytoskeleton

53
Q

Cilia

A

Short, hair-like extensions of cells that
function in movement. Commonly found in
large numbers.

54
Q

Short, hair-like extensions of cells that
function in movement. Commonly found in
large numbers.

A

Cilia

55
Q

Flagella

A

Long, tail-like extensions
of cells that occur singly, or in pairs;
also for movement.

56
Q

Long, tail-like extensions
of cells that occur singly, or in pairs;
also for movement.

A

Flagella

57
Q

Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)

A

Double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus and controls what enters and leaves
the nucleus.

58
Q

Double membrane that surrounds the
nucleus and controls what enters and leaves
the nucleus.

A

Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)

59
Q

Chromatin

A

Thin, invisible, non-active strands of
hereditary info. (DNA + protein).

60
Q

Thin, invisible, non-active strands of
hereditary info. (DNA + protein).

A

Chromatin

61
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thick, coiled, densely packed,
visible, active strands of hereditary info. (DNA +
proteins).

62
Q

Thick, coiled, densely packed,
visible, active strands of hereditary info. (DNA +
proteins).

A

Chromosomes

63
Q

Nucleolus

A

Can be one or more present. Site
where ribosomes are synthesized.

64
Q

Can be one or more present. Site
where ribosomes are synthesized.

A

Nucleolus

65
Q

Nucleus

A

Directs all cell activity; carries the
hereditary information (DNA).

66
Q

Directs all cell activity; carries the
hereditary information (DNA).

A

Nucleus

67
Q

Cell wall:

A

The outer wall secreted around the cell
membrane of plant cells; it is nonliving, made of
cellulose, and used for support and protection.

68
Q

The outer wall secreted around the cell
membrane of plant cells; it is nonliving, made of
cellulose, and used for support and protection.

A

Cell Wall

69
Q

• Cell membrane:

A

A semi-
Permeable lipid and
protein boundary that controls
what passes in and out of the
cell. “chain link fence” of the cell

70
Q

A semi-
Permeable lipid and
protein boundary that controls
what passes in and out of the
cell. “chain link fence” of the cell

A

Cell membrane

71
Q

Found in animal cells and function in
cell division (mitosis).

A

Centrioles

72
Q

Centrioles

A

Found in animal cells and function in
cell division (mitosis).

73
Q

Microtubules

A

Help shape and support the cell;
also make up cilia and flagella.

74
Q

Help shape and support the cell;
also make up cilia and flagella.

A

Microtubules

75
Q

Microfilaments

A

Help shape and support cell;
play a role in cytoplasmic streaming.

76
Q

Help shape and support cell;
play a role in cytoplasmic streaming.

A

Microfilaments

77
Q

Vacuole

A

Supports cell wall in plants (turgor
pressure); stores food, waste, enzymes and poison.

78
Q

Supports cell wall in plants (turgor
pressure); stores food, waste, enzymes and poison.

A

Vacuole

79
Q

Plastids

A

Found in plants and contain their
own DNA. Store pigments that absorb light
or store food (starch, fats).

80
Q

Found in plants and contain their
own DNA. Store pigments that absorb light
or store food (starch, fats).

A

Plasatids

81
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plastids that contains green
pigment (chlorophyll) which traps and converts
sunlight into food (sugar).

82
Q

Plastids that contains green
pigment (chlorophyll) which traps and converts
sunlight into food (sugar).

A

Chloroplasts

83
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Plastids that make and store
accessory pigments (orange, yellow and red)
which aide in photosynthesis.

84
Q

Plastids that make and store
accessory pigments (orange, yellow and red)
which aide in photosynthesis.

A

Chromoplasts

85
Q

Leucoplasts

A

Plastids that store food such as
starch, protein and fat.

86
Q

Plastids that store food such as
starch, protein and fat.

A

Leucoplasts

87
Q

Prokaryotic

A

No nucleus or nuclear membrane ie. bacteria

88
Q

No nucleus or nuclear membrane ie. bacteria

A

Prokaryotic

89
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Nucleus and nuclear membrane ie. animal and plant cell

90
Q

Nucleus and nuclear membrane ie. animal and plant cell

A

Eukaryotic

91
Q

Plant

A

Autotrophic
(make their own food)
• Cell wall
• Large vacuole
• Plastids
• Few lysosomes if any
• No centrioles

92
Q

Animal

A

Heterotrophic
(must eat food)
• No cell wall
• Small vacuole if any
• No plastids
• Many lysosomes
• Centrioles

93
Q

Autotrophic

A

plant

94
Q

cell wall

A

plant

95
Q

large vacuole

A

plant

96
Q

plastids

A

plant

97
Q

few if any lysosomes

A

plant

98
Q

no centrioles

A

plant

99
Q

heterotrophic

A

animal

100
Q

no cell wall

A

animal

101
Q

small vacuole if any

A

animal

102
Q

no plastids

A

animal

103
Q

many lysosomes

A

animal

104
Q

centrioles

A

animal

105
Q

autotrophic

A

make their own food

106
Q

heterotrophic

A

must eat food

Biology (11 decks)

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