Mutations

Question 1

what are the two main types of mutations?

Answer 1

• point mutations
• frameshift mutation

Question 2

silent mutation

Answer 2

• point mutation
• a change in a letter that does not effect the intended protein

Question 3

point mutations

Answer 3

a mutation at a specific base pair in a genome

Question 4

missense mutations

Answer 4

change in a nitrogenous base that alters the codon creating a different amino acid then attended

Question 5

nonsense mutations

Answer 5

causes a stop codon to form prematurely
- point mutation
- prevents the construction of protein
- or no protein of value will be made

Question 6

deletion mutation

Answer 6

one or more nucleotides are removed from the sequence

Question 7

effects of deletion mutations

Answer 7

• disrupts the formation of amino acid
• removes pairs
• create new codons
• remove the stop sequence

Question 8

insertion mutation

Answer 8

an extra nucleotide is inserted into the sequence, resulting in a different amino acid

Question 9

translocation

Answer 9

relocation of a base pair from one part of the genome to the other, affecting the cell’s function

Question 10

jumping genes

Answer 10

fragments of DNA that are always on the move (on purpose)
- transposable elements (transposons)
- believed to be linked to evolution- creating new phenotypic mutations leading to natural selection

Question 11

Inversion Mutation

Answer 11

• change in a large segment of DNA
  a segment of DNA breaks away and the cell quickly tries to repair it but flips the strand 180 changing the codon sequence

Question 12

causes of mutations

Answer 12

• spontaneous mutations (reason unknown)
• induced mutations (UV, X-rays, Chemicals, ect…)