History of DNA Flashcards
1
Q
Friedrich Miescher
A
- 1869
- discovered that the nuclei of cells contain large quantities of a substance that is not protein
- called it nuclein
2
Q
why were proteins thought to be the hereditary material
A
- widely prevalent
- complex
- known to carry out biological functions
3
Q
Frederick Griffith
A
- discovered the process of transformation (trying to discover a vaccine for pneumonia)
4
Q
Joachim Hammerling
A
- 1930’s
- hypothesized that hereditary information is contained within the nucleus
5
Q
Avery, McCart, MacLeod
A
demonstrated that DNA was the transforming principle of pneumococcus bacteria
6
Q
Hershey and Chase
A
- their experiment ended the debate that DNA was in fact the hereditary
- conducted experiments using a virus that infects a bacterial host
7
Q
Erwin Chargaff
A
- 1949
- discovered that the proportion of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine
- in return means the amount of purines equals the amount of pyrimidines
8
Q
Linus Pauling
A
- 1953
- determined the structure was an alpha helix but his model was flawed because it consisted of three helixes
9
Q
Rosalind Franklin
A
- 1953
- used x-ray crystallography to determine the structure of DNA
10
Q
James Watson and Francis crick
A
- 1953
- developed the first model of DNA
- stole franklins work with the help of her coworker
- they determined the nitrogenous base pairings
11
Q
when did Francis Crick and James Watson win the Nobel prize
A
1962
12
Q
what caused Watson and crick to alter their career paths
A
What is life” written by Erwin Schrodinger (genes are essential for life )
13
Q
what is “photo 51”
A
wet photo of DNA
- this changed the refraction pattern
- was the first accurate photo of DNA and its shape
14
Q
when did Rosalind franklin die
A
1958 from ovarian cancer
