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CompTIA A+ > Must Review > Flashcards

Must Review Flashcards

1
Q

FTTN vs FTTP

A

Fiber to the Node - Goes to box in neighborhood, then coax line to house ethernet

Fiber to the Premises - fiber all the way, links to an optical network terminal in house (ONT)

Both provide Gbps speeds

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2
Q

802.11a

A

First standard to use 5GHz band, has good throughput.

Max 54Mbps with 150ft range, really gets more like 25Mbps

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3
Q

802.11b

A

Uses 2.4GHz band, first ubiquitous standard. 11Mbps lab, 4-6Mbps reality.

Max range 300 ft

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4
Q

802.11g

A

2.4GHz band, backwards compatible with b devices

Combines best of a and b

Speed of a (54MBps) with range of b (300 ft)

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5
Q

802.11n

A

“Wi-Fi 4”

Dual band, both 2.4 and 5 simultaneously

MIMO - Multiple in, multiple out for simultaneous connections (more than one antenna)

lab 600Mbps, reality 100+ mbps

WAPs use trasmit beamforming to optimize signal and reduce deadspots

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6
Q

802.11ac

A

“Wi-Fi 5”

5Ghz only, allows for dual banding but applies 802.11n for 2.4 GHz band

Maxes at 1+Gbps

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7
Q

802.11ax

A

“High Efficiency Wireless (HEW) or Wi-Fi 6/Wi-Fi 6e”

2.4 and 5, 6e adds 6GHz band

Labthroughput at 10Gb/s

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8
Q

RADIUS

A

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

Security measure for accessing wifi

Open standard, partially encrypted, uses UDP ports 1812 & 1813

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9
Q

TACACS+

A

Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus

Cisco developed, but opened a version for public use, uses TCP port 49

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10
Q

Public vs Private IP

A

Public address is like your passport to the internet - used to direct all traffic to you., Public IP address is typically the router’s outward facing address

Private IP address is only for internal network - allows router to distinguish between the different hosts on the network.

Classes of private addresses:

10.0.0.0 - Class A
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 - Class B
192.168.0.0 - Class C

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11
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Masks using the binary values and “whack” notation

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = /24 network (whack 24).
Remaining 0s are open for host IDs, while 1s are taken up with network ID

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12
Q

link-local address

A

Automatically assigned to machine when it has not been manually configured or DHCP configured.

Valid only within the private network, routers will not transmit traffic using link-local addresses

IPv4 range: 169.254.0.0/16 (remember 169.254.0.0 and 169.254.255.255 are reserved)
IPv6 range: fe80::/10 (although typically get assigned within the fe80::/64 range)

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13
Q

TXT Records

A

Spam prevention tools, supposed to make spoofing more difficult

DKIM - Domain Keys Identified Mail
digitally signs mail with a key pulled from the DNS server’s TXT records

SPF - Sender Policy Framework
list of servers that are permitted to send mail from a particular domain

DMARC - Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance
references DKIM and SPF frameworks, determines what to do with mail that fails these checks

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14
Q

ipconfig w/ switches

A

shows the network settings

ipconfig /all - detailed view
ipconfig /renew - get a new DHCP config
ipconfig /release - dump current DHCP config

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15
Q

nslookup/dig

A

Win/UNIX

gives details on what DNS is giving you
nslookup [address/domain]

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16
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic PRivate IP Addressing

IPv4 range of 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254

Host broadcasts it out, if no other host responds, it self-assigns.

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17
Q

Network Troubleshooting Tools

(Physical tools, equipment, and command prompt)

A

ipconfig - check to see if you are getting an APIPA, that means connection issue with DHCP

check link lights - if they keep going on and off, could be a sign of “port flapping”

Loopback test - test internal NIC circuitry, may need loopback plug to check external port pins

TDR - (Time-domain reflectometer) sends signal that will refelect back if impedence changes, calculates distances to break. Should always include the patch cables in this test

Toner - tone generator and tone probe. Sends signal that the probe will pick up when placed next to cable (like current detector tool)

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18
Q

net

A

command prompt - view details of a network as well as other tools

net use x: \server1\research = go into server1, find the research folder, map it to drive X:

net view \[NAME] gives available shares and mappings of \[NAME]

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19
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System - UDP - Port 53

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20
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - UDP - Port 67, 68

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21
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (queries a database) - TCP - Port 389

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22
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (endpoint management) - UDP - Port 161, 162

Can gather insane amount of data if queried, remote configuration and monitoring

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23
Q

SMB/CIPS

A

Server Message Block/Converged Internet Protocol Service (folder/file sharing) - TCP port 445 - UDP port 137, 138, 139

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24
Q

NetBIOS/NetBT

A

UDP port 137, 138 - TCP port 139

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25
Q

HTTP/HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure - port 80/port 443

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26
Q

FTP/SFTP

A

File Transfer Protocol/Secure File Transfer Protocol - port 20, 21/port 22

27
Q

IMAP/POP3

A

Internet Message Access Protocol/Post Office Protocol - incoming email - port 143/port110

28
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - outgoing email - port 25

29
Q

Telnet

A

Terminal emulation - port 23 (very insecure)

30
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell Protocol - encrypted terminal emulation - port 22

31
Q

RDP

A

Remote Desktop Protocol - port 3389

32
Q

Types of Remote Access

A

Telnet - should only use within own LAN, unprotected connection

SSH - encrypted tunnel, can also move files (called tunneling)

VNC - Virtual network computing

MSRA - Microsoft Remote Assistance (remote control)

33
Q

chown

A

Change owner (chown [new owner] file name)

Change Owner and/or Group (chown [owner]:[new group] file name)

34
Q

pwd

A

UNIX - full path

35
Q

Get-[command]

A

WINDOWS - gives info on command

36
Q

dir
dir /p

A

WINDOWS - shows directory contents
shows directory contents but pauses after one page

37
Q

ls
ls | more
ls -l

A

UNIX - shows directory contents
shows contents but pasuses after one page
shows long form details on contents

38
Q

cd \path
cd ..

A

changes directory focus
moves focus up a directory (to parent)

39
Q

rmdir [name]

A

UNIX AND WINDOWS - remove directory

40
Q

rd [name] /s

A

WINDOWS - remove directory and all contents

41
Q

more [name]

A

WINDOWS - when in directory, writes out contents of txt file. Allows of pagination

42
Q

rm -r [name]

A

UNIX - remove direcotry and alll contents

43
Q

cat [name]

A

UNIX - when in directory, writes out contents of txt file

44
Q

del [name]

A

WINDOWS - deletes a file

45
Q

rm [name]

A

UNIX - deletes a file

46
Q

cp [name]

A

UNIX - copy a file

47
Q

mv [name]

A

UNIX - move a file

48
Q

move [name]

A

WINDOWS - moves a file

49
Q

xcopy switches

A

/s - copy all subdirectories that aren’t empty
/e - include all empty directories

50
Q

Robocopy syntax and mirror switch

A

robocopy [source path] [destination path] [options]
/mir - mirror source structure

51
Q

gpresult syntax

A

gpresult /user [username] /r

52
Q

sfc

A

WINDOWS - system file check, fix corrupted files

53
Q

ps aux

A

UNIX - onetime snapshot of current processes (detailed)

54
Q

top

A

UNIX - focuses on resource hungry process

55
Q

chkdsk /f /r

A

WINDOWS - scan, detect, and repair disk issues
/f - fix file errors
/r - locate and repair bad sectors

56
Q

find syntax

A

UNIX:
find [path] -iname “criteria”
looks for files that match criteria

57
Q

apt-get update

A

UNIX - Updates Ubuntu systems

58
Q

nano

A

UNIX - creates a text file
nano “file” for name

59
Q

dd

A

UNIX - create an image of a drive

60
Q

df -h

A

UNIX - what diskspace is free?
-h switch creates human friendly output

61
Q

USB Speeds

A

USB 1.1 - 12Mbps
USB 2.0 - 480Mbps
USB 3.0 - 5 Gbps
USB 3.1 - 10Gbps
USB 3.2 - 20Gbps

USB-C - 20 GB/s

62
Q

Thunderbolt

A

40Gb/s, used for high resolution displays and charging

63
Q

SATA Cables

A

SATA 1 - 1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s
SATA II - 3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s
SATA III - 6Gbit/s, 600 MB/s

CompTIA A+ (11 decks)

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