1102 Essential Review Flashcards
Primary Partition
Part of the MBR style
is a bootable drive
Extended Partition
MBR style, used to host logical drives (gets around the 4 partition limit)
Logical drives are not bootable at startup, but can be booted after startup
Dynamic Disk
Windows style of partitioning - creates volumes instead of dirves
Capabilities of Volumes
Volumes can be:
-Simple - act like primary part
-Spanned - extend across multiple SSD/HDDs (if one fails, everything is lost)
-Striped - RAID 0 setup
-Mirrored - RAID 1 setup
GPT
GUID Partition Table
Has a 128 partition limit
No size limit
MBR
Master Boot Record
4 partition limit
2.2 TB size limit per partition
FAT32
(Max file size, max partition size)
File Allocation Table (format style)
Max file size of 4GB
Max partition size of 8TB
NTFS
(Max file size, other features)
New Tech File System (format style)
-Max file size of 16TB
-Encryption using EFS
-Uses ACL (access control list) to set permissions
-Compression capable
exFAT
No real max file size
Max 512 TB partition
APFS
Apple File System
optimized for SSD, compression, snapshots, encryption
ext4
Linux file system
max file size 16TB
max volume 1 EB
Windows 10 Home Capabilities
RAM: 128GB
No domain
No RDP service (client yes)
No Group Policy
No Bitlocker
No LTSB
Windows 10 Pro Capabilities
RAM: 2TB
Yes domain
Yes RDP service
Yes Group Policy
Yes Bitlocker
No LTSB
Windows 10 Pro for Workstations Capabilities
RAM: 6TB
Yes domain
Yes RDP service (client yes)
Yes Group Policy
Yes Bitlocker
Yes LTSB
Windows 10 Enterprise Capabilities
RAM: 6TB
Yes domain
Yes RDP service (client yes)
Yes Group Policy
Yes Bitlocker
Yes LTSB
Time and Language
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Adjust time, date, speech settings, region
Update and Security
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Windows Update
launch windows security app (firewall, defender, etc)
Backup and Recovery (not system restore)
Troubleshooters
Bitlocker
Personalization
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Colors, themes, icon choice, etc
Apps
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Lists installed applications
Remove applications
Change autostart
(skype, edge, office, onedrive, dropbox, etc)
Privacy
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Adjust app permissions
configure data collection for advertising
System Category
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Sound settings
Display settings
Bluetooth settings
Notification Settings
Power and Sleep settings
RDP settings
Domain/Workgroup Settings
Devices
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Small adjustments to attached devices (printers, mice/keyboards, bluetooth)
Network and Internet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Connection status
Adapter settings
Sharing options
VPN
Proxy
Gaming
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Game Mode
Xbox game bar
Accounts
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Category in Settings App
Privleges and permissions
System Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Opens the System category in Settings - displays specs of your computer
Will also be used to open the System properties dialog box
Sound Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Same features as Sound category in settings
Indexing Options Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Adjust the indexing options (what folders are indexed for search)
Ease of Access Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Acecssibility tools
Administrative Tools Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Many important tools such as Disk Management and Defragment live here.
File Explorer Options Applet
(Where in Windows, What Purpose)
Control Panel
Personalize File Explorer
Show Hidden Files ($ at end)
Show or hide extensions
View Options
Disk Management
Snapin
diskmgmt.msc
In Administrative Tools, allows you to format and create partitions, etc
Resource Monitor
(location, start shortcut, purpose)
in Administrative Tools (or Task Mangager)
resmon
Detailed view on resource usage
suspend/start processes without killing
Good for realtime monitoring
Microsoft Management Console
(location, start shortcut, purpose)
Standalone
mmc.exe
Used to launch and organize your snapins (often administrative tools)
Event Viewer
Admin tools
Snapin
eventvwr.msc
Task Scheduler
Admin Tools
Snapin
taskschd.msc
Automate things
Certificate Manager
Admin tools
Snapin
certmgr.msc
view certs
Device Manager
Snapin
devmgmt.msc
drivers and such
Local Users and Groups
Snapin
lusrmgr.msc
Accounts and permissions
Performance Monitor
Snapin
perfmon.msc
long-term overview of system efficiency vs fine grain view of Resource Monitor
Uses objects and counters
Event Viewer
Snapin
eventvwr.msc
4 types of logs (application, security, setup, system)
Various event levels
FileVault
Apple’s storage device encryption service
Permission Propogation
Moving volumes inherits new permissions
Moving inside same volume retains original permissions
Copying regardless inherits new permissions
Owner, Group, Everyone
The order of linux permissions
rwxrwxrwx
Read, write, execute
order of linux file modes
Add them:
r=4
w=2
x=1
Command that changes unix the owner and group of file or folder
No quotes or brackets included
chown <”new owner”>:(<”new group”>) filename
Command that changes unix file modes (access permissions)
chmod 421 = -r—w—x
chmod 764 = -rwxrw-r–
Quality vs feature update
quality = patches
feature = full OS upgrade
Backup Types (4)
full
incremental - fast generation, store changes since last incremental (slower restore, has to have full and all incrementals)
differential - changes since last full backup, good if data doesn’t change much
synthetic - merges full with all incrementals, new full
Pagination commands in Windows and Unix
/p for windows
(pipe)|more for unix
command for seeing files in a directory
ls -l = Unix
dir = Windows
command to advance contents of a file line by line or page by page
more <file></file>
command to print out entire file contents
cat <file></file>
command to append two files
cat file1 file2
command to delete a single file in windows
del <file></file>
command to copy a file
copy notes.txt <path></path>
has to be run from within the current directory
command and switches to copy directories
xcopy <source></source> <dest></dest>
/s all nonempty subdirectories
/e all empty subdirectories
command to copy and create a mirrored structure (overwriting files that don’t match)
robocopy <source></source> <destination> /mir</destination>
command to format a partition
format <drive> /FS: <file></file></drive>
command to see the version of windows
winver
command to refresh group policies
gpupdate
command to see current group policies
gpresult
command to run the system file check
sfc /scannow
command to turn off the computer
command to restart the computer
shutdown now
shutdown now /r
command to see snapshot of process usage
ps aux
command to see realtime measurements of resource usage
top
command to search file contents for a specific string
grep <term> <files></files></term>
command to edit or generate text files
nano <filename></filename>
command to see free disk space
df -h (human readable)
.bat
.ps1
.sh
.py
.js
.vbs
.bat - batch - windows systems
.ps1 - powershell - AD integrations
.sh - shell - unix systems
.py - python - all systems, good for networking
.js - javascript
.vbs - visual basic - office apps
Procurement Life Cycle
Identify Needs
Evaluate Suppliers
Negotiate Terms and Finalize Order
Receive Invoice and Process Payment
Delivery and Audit
Maintain Records
Rollback Plan
Undoing a change, must be planned out
Sandbox Testing
Usually virtualized, safe environment to experiment with changes
Change Management
Request forms - will include justifications
Purpose of Change
Scope of Change
Document Date and Time
Determine Impact
Level of Risk
vvvvvvvv
Change Board Approval
Plan for change implementation
End-User Acceptance
msconfig
troubleshoot, diagnose, and optimize windows - lots of startup/boot settings
