Chapter 18: Essentials of Networking Flashcards
Host Types
Local Host - the machine you are working on
Remote Host - any other machine on the network
2 types of platforms for Servers to run
1) Apache HTTP
2) Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
Used to store files, can have specific functions like:
File server, mail server, video server, print server, etc
Client
A device that requests things from a remote host/server
Resource
Things shared across a network
3 Requirements for a Network
1) Defined and Standardized cabling, network cards, host connections
2) Addressing method for communication
3) Data sharing method
NIC
Network Interface Controllers, define and label the machines on the network
Also breaks files into “frames” for transmission
MAC
Media Access Control
Unique identifier, binary number but represented with a hexcode that uses 0-9, A-F
Frame components
Destination MAC, Source MAC, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check), Data
Ethernet Types/Speeds
10BASE-T: 10Mbps
100BASE-T: 100mbps
10000BASE-T: 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
10GBASE-t: 10 Gbps
Star Bus Topology
Central switch with hosts connected (hybrid topology)
Bus vs Switch
Bus is older tech, simple repeater, sends signal to all devices that are connect
Switch is smart, uses MAC to only send signals to desired destinations
Bandwidth (Hub vs Switch)
Hubs make devices all share the bandwidth, Switches give each device full bandwidth
Segment
Connection between a device and switch, max 100 m
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair - type of cable typically used in networking
uses pairs of cables
22-26 gauge copper
color coded
each individually wrapped while also in a sheath
Used in 100/1000BASE-T & 10GBASE-T Networks
CAT categories
CAT 1 - Phone cable, 4 pins
CAT 3 - 10Mbps ethernet
CAT 5 - 100Mbps ethernet
CAT 5e - 1Gbps; 2.5 Gbps @ 100m seg
CAT 6 - 10Gbps @ 55m seg
CAT 6a - 10Gbps @ 100m seg
CAT 6e - Means CAT 6 and CAT 6a
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair
Ethernet cabling that is shielded to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Works for direct burial, contexts with a lot of electrical noise (floor with tons of lights and equipment)
Plenum
Intermediate spaces (ceilings, walls, floor) where cabling is run.
Requires special cable coating (NOT PVC) to protect against overheating, overheating PVC will spread toxic gas
Jack types
RJ11 - telephone jack (supports 2 pairs of wires)
RJ45 - UTP (supports 4 pairs), wider than RJ11
Jack Standards
T568A and T568B
T568A Color Scheme
Pin -Color
1-W/G
2-G
3-W/O
4-Bl
5-W/Bl
6-O
7-W/Br
8-Br
Fiber Cables
Immune to electrical issues
62.5/125 gauge
2 strands of fiber (input/output)
Uses lasers
Require a fiber optic switch and a fiber network card
Distance of Fiber
2,000 m distance
2 types of fiber cables are?
Multi-Mode (LED): bounces all over cable, dissipates, shorter distances
Single-Mode (laser): fast and direct
Types of Fiber Jacks
Straight Tip (ST)
Subscriber (Square shape) (SC)
Lucent (2 prong) (LC)
Half-duplex
Type of data flow for fiber - means data flows in one direction
ST and SC connections therefore needed 2 cables per connection
Lucent doesn’t
Coax
Shielded core, rated by impedence
75 ohms
RG-59 (thinner, less bandwidth) and RG-6
Use F-type connector
Broadcast Domain
Group of computers connected by switches
Ethernet over Power
Uses electrical system to send connectivity
Structured Cabling
Allows for safety, organization, and flexibility for growth
1) Telecom Room (central cable location, switches/hubs/patch panels/racks)
2) Horizontal Cabling (runs in plenum)
3) Work Area (where the hosts are)
Solid Core vs Stranded Core
Solid is brittle, but better conducting - good for runs
Stranded is flexible, but weaker conducting - good for patching
Equipment Rack Facts
Racks are all 19” wide
RU is Rack Unit, height measurement for components
1RU = 1.75”
2RU = 3.5”
4RU=7”
Patch Panels
Attach solid runs at the back, RJ45 ports at front (may also have other ports, like optical)
Allows solid core cable to be permanent, but still provides flexibility for changes
Attaches using Punch Down block
Will have a Cat rating, make sure they match
ANSI/TIA 606
Port labeling methodology
Steps for Crimping
1) Cut cable
2) Strip .5”
3) Wire into ports (follow 568A or B)
4) Insert crimp and press down
5) Secure the boot
6) Test the cable
WAN
Wide Area Network
Devices or LANs connected with routers
