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CompTIA A+ > Chapter 21: The Internet > Flashcards

Chapter 21: The Internet Flashcards

1
Q

Backbone Router

A

Major internet routers connected to each other along “backbones” of fiber cable

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2
Q

DSL, with up/down speeds

A

Digital Subscriber Line - uses telephone connection, always on

1Mbps Up, 3 Mbps down

xDSL can be significantly faster

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3
Q

ADSL vs SDSL

A

Asymmetric DSL (slow upload, fast download)

Symmetric DSL (equivalent up and down, but expensive)

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4
Q

DSL Microfilter

A

Placed between line and phone, allows phone devices to function without high-pitched screech of DSL

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5
Q

Cable internet speeds

A

5-35+ Mbps Upload

15-200 Mbps Download

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6
Q

FTTN vs FTTP

A

Fiber to the Node - Goes to box in neighborhood, then coax line to house ethernet

Fiber to the Premises - fiber all the way, links to an optical network terminal in house (ONT)

Both provide Gbps speeds

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7
Q

WISP

A

Wireless Internet Service Provider - utilizes point-to-point connections

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8
Q

WWAN

A

Wireless Wide Area Network - internet through your mobile/cell connection

Tethering and using a hotspot

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9
Q

LTE

A

Long Term Evolution (major market share currently); aka 4G

100Mbps up, 1Gbps down

4G and 5G can easily replace wired network speeds as long as coverage is available

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10
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation

When a router represents a LAN with a singular IP address, basically your public address

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11
Q

Router Configuration Settings

A

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) - lowers security, but allows devices to easily communicate with each other

Always change default username and password

May wish to set a static IP

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12
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System - UDP - Port 53

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13
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - UDP - Port 67, 68

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14
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (queries a database) - TCP - Port 389

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15
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (endpoint management) - UDP - Port 161, 162

Can gather insane amount of data if queried, remote configuration and monitoring

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16
Q

SMB/CIPS

A

Server Message Block/Converged Internet Protocol Service (folder/file sharing) - TCP port 445 - UDP port 137, 138, 139

17
Q

NetBIOS/NetBT

A

BIOS - TCP port 137, 139 - UDP port 137, 138

18
Q

HTTP/HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure - port 80/port 443

19
Q

FTP/SFTP

A

File Transfer Protocol/Secure File Transfer Protocol - port 20, 21/port 22

20
Q

IMAP/POP3

A

Internet Message Access Protocol/Post Office Protocol - incoming email - port 143/port110

21
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - outgoing email - port 25

22
Q

Telnet

A

Terminal emulation - port 23 (very insecure)

23
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell Protocol - encrypted terminal emulation - port 22

24
Q

RDP

A

Remote Desktop Protocol - port 3389

25
Q

Browser Security

A

Verify browsers through hashing and or/code signing

Checksum runs a file through hashing, essentially putting a fingerprint on it. Run the program through that to see if the fingerprints match with the official

Code signing verifies digital certificates/signatures

26
Q

Certificate Authority (CA)

A

Verifies that a site is trustworthy

27
Q

Data stored in Browsers

A

history
scripts (cookies, temp storage)
settings per site
form data
cached copies (clearing your cache will increase your browser speed)

28
Q

Internet Options applet

A

Legacy applet from IE days
Basic IE config
Security - can set configs for zones, can relax security for intranet sites
privacy - cookies etc, blocked vs unblocked sites
content - tweak autocomplete, block sites
connections - set up VPN, broadband vs dialup, LAN settings

29
Q

Proxy Server

A

connections to internet pass through 1 protected computer, requests go to this server, rather than sent directly to the web

30
Q

Types of Remote Access

A

Telnet - should only use within own LAN, unprotected connection

SSH - encrypted tunnel, can also move files (called tunneling)

VNC - Virtual network computing

MSRA - Microsoft Remote Assistance (remote control)

31
Q

Endpoint Management Server

A

The endpoint for a VPN service

Start|”VPN”|VPN Settings|Add a VPN

32
Q

RMM

A

Remote Management and Monitoring software - monitor and manage health of both wireless and wired devices

33
Q

ICS

A

Industrial Control System - embedded system for managing a factory

33
Q

UDP vs TCP examples

A

UDP (connectionless protocols) - TFTP (trivial FTP - port 69) and DHCP

TCP (connection oriented) - HTTPS and SSH (SFTP uses SSH)

34
Q

SCADA

A

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - for wide areas, help operate system safely when outages occure

35
Q

Steps to Troubleshoot Connectivity

A

1) Try other sites
2) Try other browser
3) try ping
4) try ipconfig /flushdns
5) Run troubleshooter
6) Try another DNS connection

36
Q

QoS

A

Quality of Service, basically prioritizes traffic

CompTIA A+ (11 decks)

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