Musician Basic Review Deck Flashcards
First African-American bandmaster
Alton Augustus Adams, enlisted 1917
What was the band opened up to African-American Sailors?
B-1 Band at Navy pre-flight school in Chapel Hill, May 27, 1942
When was a segregated School of Music established at Great Lakes Naval Training Station?
July 1942
When did the Naval School of Music move to Little Creek?
1964
Who was the first MU CO of the Naval School of Music?
Captain John D. McDonald
When was the first woman MU in the Navy?
September 1972
Who was the first woman MU?
Evangeline Bailey
Which instruments most frequently use alto and tenor clefs?
Viola, tenor trombone, and bassoon
What are the three classifications of meter?
Duple, triple, and quadruple
What is a musical example of composite signature?
Paul Desmond’s “Take Five,” written in 5/4 time
What is an example of a 7/4 composite time signature?
Pink Floyd’s “Money”
40 BPM or slower
Grave (extremely slow)
40-60 BPM
Largo (very slow)
60-80 BPM
Adagio (slow)
80-100 BPM
Andante (moderately, walking tempo)
100-120 BPM
Moderato (moderately)
120-160 BPM
Allegro (cheerful, fast, lively)
160-200 BPM
Presto (very fast)
Natural scale interval pattern
W-H-W-W-H-W-A
Harmonic minor scale interval pattern
W-H-W-W-H-W+-H
Melodic minor scale pattern
W-H-W-W-W-W-H
Dominant diminished scale pattern
HWHWHWHW
Major pentatonic scale
1-2-3-5-6
Minor pentatonic scale
1-b3-4-5-b7
What number do you add or subtract to make an interval compound or simple again?
7
Which intervals are generally consonant?
m3
M3
m6
M6
P5
P1
P8
Minor modes
Dorian
Phrygian
Aeolian
Major modes
Ionian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Dorian mode construction
W-H-W-W-W-H-W
Phrygian mode construction
H-W-W-W-H-W-W
Lydian mode construction
W-W-W-H-W-W-H
Mixolydian mode construction
W-W-H-W-W-H-W
Locrian mode construction
H-W-W-H-W-W-W
Group 4 chords
Mediant (iii/III)
Group 3 chords
Submediant (vi/VI)
Group 2 chords
Subdominant (IV/iv) and supertonic (ii/iio)
Group 1 chords
Dominant (V) and leading tone (viio/VII), plus III+ in ascending melodic minor
Grouping triads table
4 3 2 1
iii vi IV/ii V/vii
III. VI iv/iio VII/III+
Elision
When a chord group is skipped left to right
Neutral tonic
When the tonic appears anywhere in the chord progression prior to Group 1 to tonic movement
Retrogression
When the chord progression move right to left in the groups (1-4)
Voice crossing
When two voices change position and the lower voice sings a note higher than the upper voice; outer voices is forbidden, inner voices is briefly acceptable
Voice overlap
When a voice crosses over the previous position of another voice; always forbidden
How does V7 resolve?
3rd is the leading tone of the key and resolves up; 7th is the subdominant of the key and resolves down
What note does the sus2 and the sus4 replace?
Both replace the third; sus without a number assumes sus4
Chromatic approach tones
Non-chord tones that approach chord tones chromatically and do not belong to the scale/harmony in use
Scale approach tones
Non-chord tones that approach chord tones diatonically
Scale/chromatic approach tone
Approaches by half step but is also a note from the scale of the moment
What three things are required for a perfect authentic cadence?
V or V7 must be used
Both chords in root position
Tonic of the I is in the soprano
When was the beginning of Western classical music?
450 AD
When was the swing style popular?
1920 to end of WWII
Instrumentation for Large Jazz Ensemble
Saxophones: 2 alto, 2 tenor, 1 bari
Brass: 4 trumpets, 3 tb, 1 bass tb
Rhythm: guitar, bass, piano, drums
Vocalist
Notable swing style artists
Duke Ellington
Count Basie
Billie Holiday
Glenn Miller
Ella Fitzgerald
Louis Armstrong
Instrumentation for PMGs
Horns: saxophones, trumpets, trombones
Rhythm: piano/keyboard, guitar (electric/acoustic), drum set, aux oerc, electric bass
Vocals: lead, backups
Notable funk artists
James Brown
Parliament
Ohio Players
Tower of Power
Tempo for bossa nova
100-160 BPM, slower than samba
Notable Latin style artists
Tito Puente
Antonio Carlos Jobim
Gloria Estefan
Duu Tucci
What does the preparatory gesture communicate?
Tempo, style, dynamics, exact start of note
Preparatory ictus
Where movement changes direction at the top of the preparatory gesture
Two kinds of conducting releases
Circular and ictus
Standard tempo range for marches
100-132 BPM
What was the golden age for American marches?
1850-1940
Famous composers of “screamers”
Henry Fillmore, Karl King
Tempo of Russian and German marches
110 BPM
Basic qualities of sine waves
Frequency, wavelength, amplitude, waveform, and phase
Resonance
When vibrations from one source are transferred to another object
Reflection
When a sound wave bounces off another object
Reverberation
The sounds heard reflecting in a space after the source has stopped transmitting
Voltage
Measure of electrical pressure or potential
Volt
Unit of electromotive force or electrical pressure
Current
Measurement of how many electrons pass through a reference point per second. Measured in amperes.
Resistance
Property of a conductor that determines the amount of current that will flow when electromotive force is applied
Ohm
Unit of electrical resistance where one volt across the resistance will maintain one ampere
Impedance
The total opposition offered to the flow of a current
Ground
The electrical reference against which voltages are expressed
Power
Rate of expending energy
Watt
Measurement of work done through heat dissipation
Multimeter
Device that measures voltage, electronic current, and resistance
Gain
Increase in amplitude of a signal
Attenuation
Reduction of amplitude of a signal
Nominal level
Operating level a processing device is designed to operate
Noise floor
All unwanted sound present in an acoustic environment
Signal-to-noise ratio
Difference between nominal level and noise floor
Conductors
Materials that allow electrical current to flow freely: copper, aluminum, tin, silver, golf
Insulators
Impede movement of electrical current: rubber, plastic, wood
Unit of cable gauge measurement
American Wire Gauge (AWG)
EMI
Electromagnetic interference, generated by an outside element containing radio frequencies
Electrostatic interference
Unwanted interference transmitted between wires; can create audible hums and feedback
Cat 5 or cat 6 cable
Known as ethernet cable
Common sizes of TS and TRS connectors
1/4” and 1/8” diameters
Range of IEC connectors
C1-C24; most common are C13 (female) and C14 (male)
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA noise exposure monitoring
At or above 85 decibels over 8 working hours
Microphone types
Dynamic (more common), condenser (more sensitive to temperature and humidity, but clearer and more natural sound)
Peak
Highest momentary power level a system can withstand
Range for subwoofers
Typically below 200Hz
