Arranging Basic Flashcards
What are instrument characteristics
Dynamic intensity, color, texture, sound quality
What is a glissando
Normally performed between two written pitches; length determined by notes attached to
What is a shake?
Brass players: lip trill
Woodwinds: simulate by trilling
What is a fall or drop?
Downward from written note to indefinite pitch; duration indicated by length of symbol
What is a doit?
Opposite of a fall
What is a flip or turn?
Combines upward glide to neighboring definite or indefinite pitch and falling down
What is a plop?
Glissando that begins an indefinite note higher and lands on written note
What is a rip?
Glissando that begins on indefinite note and performed upward to written note
What is a bend?
Performed by starting on written pitch, lowering it out of tune, and bringing back up
What is a scoop?
Short glissando starting from below written pitch: shorter than a rip
How long should note stems be?
3 spaces in the staff
How far should note stems extend?
At least to the center line
Where does the stem of a note on the center line go?
Typically down
What is the spacing between the first beat of the measure and the barline?
Equal to the size of the notehead. Same for last note of measure and the barline
How does spacing for multiple staffs default?
Widest measure of a particular part, and all beats must line up
Where are slurs placed if the note stems go in both directions?
Above the staff
True or false: accidentals affect only the notes in the specific octave
True
Where are tempo indications placed?
Above the staff justified to the time signature
Where are metronome markings placed?
Above the staff where the tempo begins
Where are ornament signs placed?
Above the staff
Where are appoggiatura placed?
Next to the note
Where are articulations placed?
Vertically above or below the notehead, opposite the note stem
Where at accent directions placed?
Below the staff
Where are dynamic marks placed?
Below the staff on instrumental parts or between the staves of keyboard music
What are the minimum requirements for a lead sheet?
Melody line, chord changes, performance directions (tempo and style/dynamics). If the ensemble uses a vocalist, it is good to include lyrics
What are the steps to create a lead sheet?
Transcribe the melody line, assign chord changes, add performance directions, add lyrics and adjust key signature if required
What are the three types of transposition in order of commonality?
Scale degree, interval, key signature
What are the two ways transposition by interval can be approached?
Identify the interval difference between the original and the new key, then transpose each note based on the interval difference; identify the interval difference between the original and new key and establish the first transposed note, then transpose the remaining notes based on the melodic intervals
When is transposition by key signature used?
When the key signature changes but the notes on the staff do not
How should ledger lines be drawn?
Parallel to the staff, slightly wider than the notehead
Where is the tie marking?
Centered on each notehead
Where are slurs typically placed?
Closest to the noteheads and opposite the stems
True or false: spacing rules for rests are the same as for notes
True
What are examples of articulations?
Staccato, legato, tenuto, marcato, fermata, and pizzicato
What transposition technique is preferable for half or whole step transposition?
Transposition by interval
Transposition by interval increases accuracy when?
When a composition has several chromatic alterations, complex scale degrees, or complicated key relationships
What are the first three things in order on a staff?
Clef, key signature, time signature
Where is the top number of the time signature written?
Directly above the middle line of the staff
True or false: Half rests and whole rests get placed in the middle of the measure
False, only whole rests get placed in the middle
