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WA Comprehensive Exams 2017 > music vocab > Flashcards

music vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Space questions

A

How is the musical behavior modified by the space?
How does the space affect the sound production?
How do they modify the space to attain aural effects?

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2
Q

Shape of the event through time questions

A

What is the overall form? What melodic features such as motifs, sequences, phrases, ostinati, etc. do you hear? Are there sections of repetition, variation, contrast?

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3
Q

Define call and response form

A

leader and chorus alternate

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4
Q

Define antiphonal form

A

two groups sing and/or play alternately

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5
Q

Define strophic form

A

all stanzas of the text sung to the same music

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6
Q

Define through-composed form

A

melodic structure with no large-scale repetition, ABCDEF

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7
Q

Define progressive form

A

each section has different material but with fixed number of repetitions, AABBCCDD

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8
Q

Define theme and variations form

A

basic theme presented then presented in variations

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9
Q

Define litany-type form

A

only one short phrase repeated throughout

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10
Q

What is a phrase?

A

a brief section of music somewhat complete in itself, but not sufficient

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11
Q

What is a motif?

A

a salient (very important) combination of notes

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12
Q

What is a note?

A

a minimal structure unit of pitch or rhythm

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13
Q

What is a beat?

A

a single time unit

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14
Q

Name 7 types of musical form

A

call & response, antiphonal, strophic, through-composed, progressive, theme and variations, litany-type

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15
Q

What is call & response form?

A

singing in which a solo/leader and chorus/group alternate

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16
Q

What is antiphonal singing/playing?

A

two groups sing or play alternately

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17
Q

What is strophic form?

A

all stanzas of a text are sung to the same music (hymns with refrain)

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18
Q

What is through-composed form?

A

melodic structure with no large-scale repetition

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19
Q

What is progressive form?

A

Each section has completely different material but with repetitions of sections

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20
Q

What is theme & variations form?

A

basic theme presented & then different variations of it are presented

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21
Q

What is litany-type form?

A

only one short phrase reiterated throughout

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22
Q

Name seven ways of describing a musical instrument

A

construction & materials, sound production, playing techniques, musical function, visual design, tuning, cultural integration

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23
Q

What is an aerophone?

A

vibrating column of air produces the sound

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24
Q

What is a chordophone?

A

vibrating strings that are plucked, struck produce the sound

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25
Q

What is a membranophone?

A

a stretched membrane is struck to make the sound

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26
Q

What is an idiophone?

A

the entire body of the instrument vibrates to make the sound

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27
Q

What playing techniques are used to produce sounds on instruments?

A

blowing, sucking, hitting, scraping, plucking, bowing, shaking, etc.

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28
Q

What musical textures effect the way an instrument is played and sounds?

A

melodic, rhythmic, solo, or ensemble

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29
Q

How do you analyze the visual design of an instrument?

A

shape, adornment (use visual arts categories)

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30
Q

How do you analyze the tuning of an instrument?

A

use a pitched instrument, discover the relationship between pitches, how individuals tune their instruments, what tuning parameters a community will accept

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31
Q

What cultural aspects of an instrument can be analyzed?

A

names of parts (inc. human attributes), who should play it, how it is constructed, the genres it is used in, other connections to broader cultural themes

32
Q

What is timbre?

A

the quality of color of a tone

33
Q

What is vibrato?

A

minute fluctuation in volume &/or pitch in a sustained note

34
Q

What is yodeling?

A

alternating between chest voice and falsetto tones

35
Q

What is sprechstimme?

A

melody is spoken at approximate pictures, not sung on exact pitches

36
Q

What is overtone singing?

A

single vocalist produces 2, 3, or 4 different notes simultaneously

37
Q

What are 3 ways to analyze the text of a song?

A

syllabic, neumatic, melismatic

38
Q

What is syllabic text?

A

one note per syllable

39
Q

What is neumatic text?

A

two or three notes per syllable (Amazing Grace)

40
Q

What is melismatic text?

A

one syllable sung on two or more notes (refrain of Angels We Have Heard on High)

41
Q

What is the texture of a song? Name 8 different types.

A

the horizontal and vertical relationships of musical materials; ex. heterophony, polyphony, parallel organum, drone, homophony, independent polyphony, imitative polyphony, canon or round

42
Q

What is heterophony?

A

same melody played by all instruments or voices (Javanese gamelan)

43
Q

What is polyphony?

A

two or more voices sounding, but not in octaves

44
Q

What is parallel organum?

A

polyphony composed of a melody and a second part that parallels it

45
Q

What is a drone?

A

a melody supported by one or two unchanging pitches

46
Q

What is homophony?

A

melody supported by chordal structure

47
Q

What is independent polyphony?

A

melodic voices moving in different directions

48
Q

What is imitative polyphony?

A

the melody of one voice is based on another (fugue)

49
Q

What is a canon?

A

all or almost all of the first voice is repeated by one or more following voices that start after the first voice

50
Q

What are four different types of rhythm?

A

proportional rhythm, polyrhythm, speech rhythm, free rhythm

51
Q

What is proportional rhythm?

A

smaller rhythmic units are simple proportions of larger units

52
Q

What is polyrhythm?

A

simultaneous use of very different rhythms in different parts

53
Q

What is speech rhythm?

A

the rhythm is determined by the rhythm of the spoken text alone

54
Q

What is free rhythm?

A

notes of irregular lengths with no discernible pattern

55
Q

What is tempo?

A

the speed of the beat

56
Q

What are dynamics?

A

the volume and changes in the volume

57
Q

What is musical pitch inventory?

A

all the notes included in a piece or song

58
Q

What is musical range?

A

the distance between the highest sounding and the lowest sounding notes in the song or piece

59
Q

What is the tonal center?

A

the pitch around which the piece revolves

60
Q

What is modulation?

A

change of the tonal center or key within a composition

61
Q

What is melody?

A

a succession of notes; the horizontal aspect of pitches in music

62
Q

What is contour?

A

the shape of the melody within the composition

63
Q

Give seven examples of melodic contour?

A

arc, inverted arc, rising, cascading, falling, sinewy or undulating, airfoil

64
Q

What are three relationships between the tones used in a language and melodic contour?

A

parallel, contrary, oblique

65
Q

When the language tone & the melody move in parallel directions it is called…

A

parallel relationship

66
Q

When the language tone & the melody move in opposite directions it is called…

A

contrary relationship

67
Q

When the language tone or melody moves while the other remains level it is called…

A

oblique

68
Q

What is a vocable?

A

a syllable without lexical meaning set to music possibly communicating emotional or symbolic meaning

69
Q

What is a diatonic scale?

A

melody and/or harmony confined to pitches within the major or minor scale

70
Q

What are the names of scales based on 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 notes called?

A

tetratonic, pentatonic, hexatonic, heptatonic, octatonic

71
Q

What is a raga?

A

East Indian scale concept that includes cultural concepts

72
Q

What is divisive meter?

A

Measured time that is subdivided into a number of equal notes

73
Q

What is additive meter?

A

Measured time subdivided into smaller, irregular groups

74
Q

What is isometer?

A

The use of repeated pulse without its organization into groups

75
Q

What is mixed meter?

A

using two or more different meters in one piece sequentially

76
Q

What is polymeter?

A

using two or more different meters in one piece simultaneously

WA Comprehensive Exams 2017 (15 decks)

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