music unit 1 lesson 1 Flashcards
western music tradition and religious music development can be traced back in Europe during the medieval period form 400 CE to 1400 CE.
true
between the fall of the roman empire and the age of reawakening and discovery.
also called the middle ages
was based upon a religious subject
“dark ages”
magnificent works of architecture, sculpture, paintings poetry, and music appeared.
13th century
kinds of music during the middle ages:
music for the knights, for the nobles in the castle, and chants for the priest.
music during the middle ages< as they celebrated the christian services in cathedrals and monasteries.
true
most of the sacred music was never written down
true
only the music of the church is well preserved because at that time only the people of the church were educated.
true
the reading and copying of texts were the isolated reservation of the monasteries ad major cathedrals.
true
the monks were requested to read and write to be familiar with the scriptures.
true
later on they devised a system to notate and copy music.
true
through notation and copying, the church music spread to other monastic communities and was taught to succeeding generations.
true
official music of the roman catholic church.
gregorian chant
gregorian chant was referred to after?
pope gregory I the great
plainsong or plainchant
gregorian chant
its melody (gregorian chant) is set to sacred latin text, composed for the western church and performed without without instrumental accompaniment.
true
it (gregorian chant) can be simple or elaborate but tends to move pitches by a step within a narrow range
true
the melodic style avoids wide leaps and dynamic contrasts
true
all voices are sung together in unison, thus considered monophonic texture and does not have harmony nor counterpoint.
true
male voices are sung in unison when performing a chant
true
its rhythm is not measured: improvisational style is applied through spoken words
true
originally it was a chant passed along by oral tradition, but later on they were notated
true
means”fixed song” it is pre-existing melodic line
true
the gregorian notations used different signs called
neume
`notes sung on a single syllable
neume
a neume always starts at the beginning of a syllable
true
its always read from left to right just like in modern notation but from bottom to top when notes are written on the same column
true
a square a diamond or a bold line represents a neume
true
this is a single note
punctum
this is the same as a punctum
virga
one note is written above another note : the bottom sung first, followed by the note above it.
podatus (pes)
the higher note comes and is sung first
clivis (flexa)
three or more notes go upward and are sung from the bottom
scandicus
three or more notes go upward but the middle one has a vertical episema, slightly prolonging that note
salicus
three notes go up and then back down
torculus (pes flexus)
three or more notes go downward the first note is sung first
climacus
this has high note a low note and a high note. the line starts at the fist note and goes down to the middle note
porrectus (flexus resupinus)
four notes go up and then drop down
scandicus flexus
this is a porrectus with a low note on the end
porrectus flexus
this is the opposirte of a scandicus flexus
climacus resupinus
one note skips outward
torculus resupinus
one note goes up then two notes go down
pes subbipunctus
four notes in a row go down
virga subtripunctis
four notes in a row go up
virga praetripunctis
horizontal line
episema
vertical line
episema
a vertical line separates musical phrases and may sometimes allow pause for takign a breathe
true
skinny note
custos
gregorian neumes are written on a four line staff
ture
modern notation uses five line staff
true
the clef indicates the location f Do in the case of Do clef and Fa in the case of Fa clef
true
it marks where do is on the staff
c cleff
it indicates where Fa is on the staff
F clef
these clefs can be placed on any line of the staff to indicate which associates to the named note
true
different styles in writing the text of the gregorian chant
text settings
there is one assigned note for each syllable of text
syllabic
a group of neumes is assigned to one syllable of text
neumatic
there are many notes assigned to one syllable of text, usually combining several groups of neumes
melismatic
there many syllables assigned to one note of text
psalmodic
english translation of salve regina
hail queen, mother of mercy
hail, our life, our comfort, and our hope.
exiled children of Eve, we cry out to you:
to you we breathe a prayer,
as we journey in sorrow and lament
through this “valley of tears”
come then, our advocates,
turn your eyes filled with pity our way.
and when this time of exile is past,
show us Jesus, the blessed fruit of your womb,
gentle, loving , and kind virgin Mary.
were the scales used in both sacred and secular music
church modes
eight church modes: plagal and auhtentic
skl
four authentic modes:
dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolodian
four plagal modes:
hypodorian, hypophrygian, hypolydian, hypomixolodian
they composed of seven different tones and an eight note that duplicates the first note an octave higher
true
patterns of whole notes and half notes are different
true
early medieval music was monophonic in texture
true
was a french poet and composer: first to write a polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary
Guillaume de Machaut (ca.1300-1377)
ars nova technique of isorhythm
skl
repeated rhythmic pattern throughout one or more voices
isorhythm
german band headed by Frank peterson
gregorian
band gregorian leader
frank Peterson
the gregorian chant was continuously performed in the churches during the medieval period
true
development was introduced by:
Pe’rotonin and le’onin
development was introduced by Pe’rotonin and le’onin
organum
early church polyphony
organum
(organum) soloist uually sings the original chant melody while the choir sings the other patrts in parallel motion
skl
perotonin’s organum
viderunt omnes
first composer of poluphonic music who lived in the latter part of the 12th century and earned extesive fame
le’onin
three and four voice compositions of varied and rich texture
motet
most important form of the early polyphonic music
motet
the term motet derives from french word :
mot
means words that were added to the vocal line
mot
recuring rhythm
talea
recurring melodic idea is also called
color
motets were composed for the secular and religious functions
true
the roman catholic church’ s central and leading worship service
mass
before machaut, polyphony for the mas only had one or two sections
proper of the mass and ordinary of the mass
the section of the mass that are sung to texts that vary with each feast day
proper of the mass
chants with unvarying texts that were sung almost everyday
ordinary of the mass
five texts of the Ordinary:
kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, and agnus dei
one of the famous mass songs during this period
krie by machaut
kyrie
Panginoon maawa ka
gloria
papuri
credo
siya nawa
sanctus
santo
agnus dei
kordero ng Diyos
14th century has seen growth in the importance of instrumental music
skl
it was improvised rather than written
skl
the first compose-poets to appear in southern France and northern Spain and italy in 12th and 13th century
troubadours
troubadours came form the word
trobar
trbar
to compose, to discuss or to find
they were travelling musicians
true
the troubadours performed chivalry and courtly romantic music
true
the composr-performersin northern FArnce
trouve’res
their influence (trouveres) even reched germany, germany counterpart
minnesingers
most of the songs of the troubadours and the trouveres were songs about
love, crusades, dance songs, and spinning songs
their notation of songs does not show rhythm
skl
acrobat performers
minstrels or jongleurs
a french trouvee poet and composer
Adam de la Halle (ca.1245-1288)
adam de la halle is aslo known as
Adam le Bossu or Adam the hunchback
two part refrains
rondeux
polyphonic choral compositions
motets
dialogues between two poets
jeuxpartis
adam was also an accomplished composer of rondeux. chansons, motets, jeupartis
skl
1280s his most famous work
Le jeu de Robin et de Marion
Le jeu de Robin et de Marion
the play of robin and marian
it is a form of a pastourelle
Le jeu de Robin et de Marion
heraldic piece that usually contains a dialogue between knight and a peasant girl
pastourelle
loud or outdoor
hauts
soft or indoor
bas
loud instruments
trumpets, sackbut, shawm, bagpipe, nakers, tabor
long instrument made of metal. this is usually used for fanfares
trumpet
resembles a trombone instrument
sackbut
this has a reed that vibrates against the toungue or lips to produce sound. this resembles an oboe instrument
shawm
this is an ancient instrumnt made from a gout or sheep skin and a reed pipe. this is usually used by the poorest people
bagpipe
this is a drums intument played in pairs
nakers
this is a small drum instrument made from the trunk of a tree or a metal with animal skin stretched across the top of the hollow part
tabor
soft instruments
flute, recorder, harp, fiddle, lute, positive organ
this a recorder like woodwind musical instrument. on of the favorite instruments of the minstrels while traveling
flute
flute like woodwind musical instrument. this is held vertically from the lips of the player
recorder
favorite musical instrument of the troubadours and minstrels
harp
this is a bowed or plucked string instrument placed under the chin of the player
fiddle
this is a pear shaped plucked string instrument with bent neck and a fretted fingerboard
lute
this is the principle musical instrument in monasteries and cathedrals during the late medieval period. this was the only instrument by the church authorities.
positive organ
curriculum (astronomy, arithmetic, gemetry)
quadrivium
measurement was applied to music using
sound and time
