Museum Assignment

Question 1

What are true ribs?

Answer 1

Directly attached to sternum, come around and attach to centre of the sternum
Attached to sternum medially

Question 2

What are false ribs?

Answer 2

Ribs attached to costal cartilages, indirectly/secondary attached to sternum
Attached to the lowest true rib medially

Question 3

What are floating ribs?

Answer 3

No connection to the sternum, only connected to the back of the vertebrae
Not attached to anything medially

Question 4

Which ribs are true?

Answer 4

1-7

Question 5

Which ribs are false?

Answer 5

8-10

Question 6

Which ribs are floating?

Answer 6

11-12

Question 7

How many vertebrae make up the cervical spine?

Answer 7

7

Question 8

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

12

Question 9

How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

What structures are found in the costal groove?

Answer 10

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve

Question 11

What type of muscle makes up the outer muscular part of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

Skeletal muscle

Question 12

How does the diaphragm move during inspiration?

Answer 12

During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, so that its centre moves caudally (downward) and its edges move rostrally (upward). This compresses the abdominal cavity, raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity. This expansion draws air into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, elastic recoil of the thoracic wall causes the thoracic cavity to contract, forcing air out of the lungs.

Question 13

What structures are situated immediately below the diaphragm on the right?

Answer 13

The liver

Question 14

What structures are situated immediately below the diaphragm on the left?

Answer 14

The stomach and spleen

Question 15

What’s underneath the spleen?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

Which dome of the diaphragm is higher?

Answer 16

Right dome is higher due to the large liver beneath it

Question 17

What does the Coeliac trunk do?

Answer 17

Supplies the liver

Question 18

What does the Superior mesenteric artery and vein supply?

Answer 18

The small intestine

Question 19

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 19

The large intestine

Question 20

What’s the anatomical term for the tongue?

Answer 20

Genioglossus

Question 21

Where are the superior, medial, and inferior conchae and meatuses?

Answer 21

The nasal cavity

Question 22

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 22

Closes laryngeal inlet during swallowing, preventing the aspiration of food

Question 23

What’s the Adam’s apple made of?

Answer 23

Thyroid cartilage

Question 24

How is saliva transported into the oral cavity from the submandibular gland?

Answer 24

Via the submandibular duct which exits the gland and passes to mucous membrane on floor of oral cavity and empties into both sides of tongue frenulum

Question 25

Where is the parotid gland situated?

Answer 25

Anteriorly to the ear and its duct runs over the surface of the masseter mucles and pierces the buccinator muscle to enter the oral cavity at the upper second molar

Question 26

Where is the masseter muscle?

Answer 26

Which closes the jaw

Question 27

Where is the buccinator?

Answer 27

Cheek muscle

Question 28

What structures are present on the lateral surface of the left lung?

Answer 28

The oblique fissure, two lobes and impressions made by the ribs during embalming

Question 29

What structures are present on the medial surface of the left lung?

Answer 29

Branching of blood vessels and the bronchi at the dissected hilum

Question 30

What structures are present on the lateral surface of the right lung?

Answer 30

Horizontal and oblique fissures and three lobes and the surface impressions on the soft tissue made by the ribs during embalming

Question 31

What has formed the indentations on the mediastinal surfaces on the left lung?

Answer 31

Descending aorta, aortic arch and the heart

Question 32

What has formed the indentations on the mediastinal surfaces on the right lung?

Answer 32

Venae cavae (superior and inferior) and heart

Question 33

What two chambers does the tricuspid valve separate?

Answer 33

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 34

How many branches come off the aorta?

Answer 34

3 main branches- 1 then splits into 2 (right subclavian and right carotid)

Question 35

Which structures are located in the mediastinum (area between the two pleural cavities)?

Answer 35

Heart, blood vessels (e.g. aorta, vena cava), oesophagus, trachea

Question 36

Which chamber of the heart is associated with the superior and inferior venae cavae?

Answer 36

Right atrium

Question 37

Which chamber of the heart is associated with the pulmonary veins?

Answer 37

Left atrium

Question 38

Which chamber of the heart is associated with the pulmonary trunk (artery)?

Answer 38

Right ventricle

Question 39

Which chamber of the heart is associated with the aorta?

Answer 39

Left ventricle

Question 40

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 40

Remnant of the foramen ovale fetal shunt from RA – LA which bypasses the lungs. A second other shunt, the dutus arteriosum, shunts any blood that has made its way into the RV (and thus pulmonary trunk) into aorta

Question 41

Where is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 41

Between the atria

Question 42

Where are bicuspid valve, chordae tendinae and papillary muscles?

Answer 42

Left ventricle

Question 43

What do the aortic (semilunar) valves?

Answer 43

Guard the entrance to the aorta

Question 44

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 44

At the side of the duodenum

Question 45

What process is the kidneys involved with?

Answer 45

Excretory system

Question 46

What do kidneys regulate?

Answer 46

Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by producing urine

Question 47

What are nephrons?

Answer 47

Each organ has 1-4 million function units, the individual parts are located in various macroscopic regions of the kidney evident of the plastinated kidney

Question 48

What's in the outer cortex of the kidney?

Answer 48

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsules (which filter the blood) and proximal and distal convoluted tubules are found

Question 49

Where is the loop of Henle in the kidney?

Answer 49

Plunges into the inner medula which consists of 6-18 renal pyramids which, together with columns of cortical tissue form the renal lobes

Question 50

Where is urine produced?

Answer 50

Within renal lobes

Question 51

Where does formed urine travel to ?

Answer 51

The minor calyces at the renal papillae

Question 52

What is the function of the minor calyces?

Answer 52

To transfer the urine to the major calyces, from where it drains to the renal pelvis

Question 53

Where does urine exit the kidney

Answer 53

The concave border at the hilus as the ureter

Question 54

What is a hilum?

Answer 54

The general name given for the root of a structure, where everything enters/leaves

Question 55

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 55

Liver

Question 56

What is the liver covered in?

Answer 56

Peritoneum

Question 57

Where is the quadrate lobe in the liver?

Answer 57

Next to the gallbladder

Question 58

Where is the caudate lobe in the liver?

Answer 58

Next to the inferior vena cava

Question 59

What does the falciform ligament of the liver attach to?

Answer 59

The falciform ligament of the liver extends from the upper convex surface of the liver to the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 60

What is the mesoappendix?

Answer 60

Connecting the appendix and ileum

Question 61

What are the epiploic appendages in the large intestines?

Answer 61

Covering the intestine

Question 62

What are the haustra in the large intestines?

Answer 62

Segments of large intestine

Question 63

What are the taeniae coli in the large intestines?

Answer 63

Small fold in colon