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Pathophysiology/Pharmacology Across the Lifespan I (NURS-351) > Musculoskeletal System Pharm > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Function in bone formation

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2
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance

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3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Multinuclear cells function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone

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4
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Process of bone formation

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5
Q

Ossification

A

The process of formation of the bone matrix and deposition of minerals

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6
Q

Regulating Factors

A
  • Stress and weight bearing
  • Vitamin D
  • Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
  • Blood supply
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7
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joints

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8
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Allow limited movement

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9
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable

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10
Q

Examples of Diagnostic Tests

A

Radiographs
Computed tomography
MRI
Arthrography
Bone densitometry
Bone scan
Arthroscopy
Arthrocentesis
Electromyography
Biopsy
Laboratory studies

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11
Q

Bursitis and tendonitis

A

Inflammatory conditions of bursa sac or tendons

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12
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve typically caused by inflammatory disorders, repetitive hand movement, and trauma

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13
Q

Flatfoot

A

Longitudinal arch of the foot is diminished by congenital
abnormalities, trauma, or excessive pressure

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14
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the foot supporting fascia localized to the
anterior medial aspect of the heel

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15
Q

Treatments of Common Upper and Lower Extremity Conditions

A
  • Treat Pain
  • Therapy
  • Exercise
  • Adjunct therapies
  • Devices
  • Weight Reduction/Nutrition
  • Education
  • Surgery
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16
Q

Pathophysiology of Gouty Arthritis (GOUT)

A
  • Uric acid crystals deposited in joints/connective tissues
  • Inflammation at joint
  • Hyperuricemia
    • Overproduction of uric acid
    • Inability to excrete uric acid
17
Q

Treatment for GOUT

A

Reduce inflammation
- NSAIDS and corticosteroids
Increase uric acid elimination
- Uricosuric agents

18
Q

Acute Gout Attack Precipitates

A

Trauma
Surgery
Starvation
Medications
Diet: Alcohol, Meat, fish

19
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Pain radiating down leg

20
Q

Sciatica

A

Pain radiating from inflamed sciatic nerve

21
Q

Treatment of Lower Back Pain

A

Pain relief (pharmacological and non-pharmacological)
* Therapy- PT/OT
* Exercise
* Weight Reduction/Nutrition
* Education
* Surgery

22
Q

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)

A
  • Is a herniated vertebral disc (AKA ruptured disc) causing protrusion of disc onto nerve causing compression. Usually a result of degenerative changes that occur with again.
  • In particular, the ruptured nucleus pulposus is protruding onto the annulus (fibrous ring
    around the disc).
  • The loss of protein polysaccharides in the disc decreases water content of the nucleus pulposus. This can cause cracks in the annulus that weakens resistance to the nucleus from herniating.
23
Q

Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation

A

Caused by spondylosis: degenerative changes in disc alignment and adjacent vertebral bodies

24
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Normal homeostatic bone turnover is altered, and the rate of bone resorption is greater than the rate of bone formation, resulting in loss of total bone mass

Bone becomes porous, brittle, and fragile and breaks easily under stress

25
Q

Prevention of Osteoporosis

A
  • Balanced diet high in calcium and vitamin D throughout life
  • Use of calcium supplements to ensure adequate calcium intake: take in divided doses with vitamin C
  • Regular weight-bearing exercises: 20 to 30 minutes a day
  • Weight training stimulates bone mineral density (BMD)
26
Q

Osteomalacia

A

A metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate bone mineralization

27
Q

Septic (Infectious) Arthritis

A
  • Presents with a warm, painful, swollen joint with decreased range of motion.
  • Systemic chills, fever, and leukocytosis are sometimes present
28
Q

Contusion

A

Soft tissue injury produced by blunt force

29
Q

Strain

A

Pulled muscle injury to the musculotendinous unit

30
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to ligaments and supporting muscle fiber around a joint

31
Q

Dislocation

A

Articular surfaces of the joint are not in contact

32
Q

Closed or simple fracture

A

No break in the skin

33
Q

Open or compound/complex

Grades as well

A

Wound extends to the bone
* Grade I: 1 cm long clean wound
* Grade II: larger wound without extensive damage
* Grade III: highly contaminated, extensive soft tissue
injury, may have amputation

34
Q

Emergency Management of a Fracture

A
  • Immobilize the body part
  • Splinting: joints distal and proximal to the suspected
    fracture site must be supported and immobilized
  • Assess neurovascular status before and after splinting
  • Open fracture: cover with sterile dressing to prevent
    contamination
  • Do not attempt to reduce the fracture

Pathophysiology/Pharmacology Across the Lifespan I (NURS-351) (13 decks)

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