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Pathophysiology/Pharmacology Across the Lifespan I (NURS-351) > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter for the PsNS?

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter for the SNS?

A

Norepinephrine

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3
Q

What is the job of the PsNS?

A
  1. Slow HR
  2. Increase gastric secretions
  3. Emptying the bladder
  4. Emptying bowel
  5. Constricting pupil
  6. Contracting the bronchial smooth muscle
  7. Focusing eye for vision
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4
Q

What is the job of the SNS?

A
  1. Regulation fo the cardiovasular system
  2. Regulation of body temperature
  3. Implementation of the “flight-or-flight” reaction
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5
Q

Ligand

A

Substances that bind to ANS receptors

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6
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substance released from a nerve cell which
transmits an impulse

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7
Q

Neurohormone

A

Chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream

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8
Q

Preganglionic neurons

A

Originate in brainstem or spinal cord

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9
Q

Postganglionic neurons

A

Peripherally located

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10
Q

What are cholinergic receptors mediated by?

A

Mediated by acetylcholine

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11
Q

What are adrenergic receptors mediated by?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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12
Q

What are the subtypes of cholinergic receptors?

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

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13
Q

What are the subtypes of adrenergic receptors?

6 types

A
  1. Alpha 1
  2. Alpha 2
  3. Beta 1
  4. Beta 2
  5. Beta 3
  6. Dopamine
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14
Q

What do nicotinic receptors do?

A
  1. Stimulates epinephrine release from adrenal medulla.
  2. Skeletal muscle
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15
Q

What do nicotinic receptors do?

A
  1. Increased glandular secretion
  2. Smooth muscle contraction
  3. Decreased heart rate
  4. Contracts iris sphincter
  5. Blood vessel dilate
  6. Promote bladder voiding
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16
Q

What does Alpha 1 receptors do?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Increased BP
  3. Increased contractility of the heart
  4. Pupil dilation
  5. Contraction of bladder sphincter
  6. Contraction of prostate
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17
Q

What does Alpha 2 receptors do?

A
  1. Decreased BP
  2. Decreased GI tone and motility
18
Q

What does Beta 1 receptors do?

A
  1. Increased contraction
  2. Increased heart rate
  3. Increased renin secretion
  4. Increased angiotensin (BP)

Heart and kidney

19
Q

What does Beta 2 receptors do?

A
  1. Bronchodilation
  2. Relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
  3. Activation of glycogenolysis (increased blood sugar)

Lungs, uterus, liver

20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Regulates:
- Sleep cycle
- Muscle functioning

21
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Regulates:
- Alert and wakefulness levels
- Stimulatory throughout body

Alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 receptors are activated

22
Q

Epinephrine

A

Regulates fight-or-flight

Receptors alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2

23
Q

Dopamine

A

Regulates vasodilation of kidneys and increases HR adn BP

Alpha 1, beta 1, dopamine receptors and are activated

24
Q

Other names for PsNS Agonists

A

“Parasympathomimetic”
Cholinergic
Muscarinic

25
Q

Other names for SNS Agonists

A

“Sympathomimetic”
Adrenergic
Alpha - adrenergic
Beta – adrenergic

26
Q

Other names for PsNS Antagonists

A

“Parasympatholytic”
Anti - cholinergic
Anti – muscarinic

27
Q

Other names for SNS Antagonists

A

“Sympatholytic”
Anti – adrenergic
Alpha blocker/Beta blocker

28
Q

What are agonist uses for cholinergic medications?

A
  • Urinary retention
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Glaucoma
  • Alzheimer’s disease

Widespread effects

29
Q

Side/Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Medications

A

S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U – Urinary Incontinence
D - Diarrhea
G – Gastrointestinal Cramps
E - Emesis

30
Q

Anticholinergic Medications

A

Competitively block
acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Some have antimuscarinic actions.

31
Q

Uses of anticholinergic medications

A
  • Increases HR – Treats bradycardia
  • Decreases secretions – hospice, preanesthetic
  • Relax smooth muscle – intestinal
  • Pupil dilation
  • Bronchodilation
  • Relaxes muscle
32
Q

Anticholinergic medications side/adverse effects

A
  • Xerostomia (dry mouth)
  • Blurred vision
  • Urinary retention
  • Constipation
  • Tachycardia
  • Anhidrosis – inability to sweat
33
Q

Sympathomimetic Drugs

A

Primarily used for heart and blood vessels (hypotension) and the lungs (asthma).

34
Q

Alpha 1 Agonists

A

Vasoconstriction
* Increases BP
* Decreases nasal congestion
* Contraction of GI/GU sphincters

35
Q

Alpha 2 Agonist

A

Reduce sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels (Decrease BP)

Activated in CNS

36
Q

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists uses

A

Relaxes prostates and decreases BP

37
Q

Beta Adrenergic Antagonists

“Beta-Blockers”

A

Nonselective
Blocks Beta 1 (heart) and 2 (lungs) receptors

38
Q

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Beta 2 Agonist use

A

Bronchodilation

39
Q
A
40
Q

Epinephrine job

A

Nonselective adrenergic drug
* Increase BP
* Mydriasis
* Tachycardia
* Bronchodilation

Pathophysiology/Pharmacology Across the Lifespan I (NURS-351) (13 decks)

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