Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > musculoskeletal system anatomy > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of the skeletal system

A

-axial skeleton - bones of the head, neck and trunk
-appendicular skeleton - bones of the limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many bones do humans have

A

206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

axial skeleton derived from which part of mesoderm

A

somites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

appendicular skeleton derived from which part of mesoderm

A

lateral plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of tissue in skeletal system - what is cartilage

A

more flexible, semi-rigid, poorly supplied with oxygen and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of tissue in skeletal system - what are bones

A

living tissue, rigid, some elasticity, have blood supply
-support and protection
-stores calcium, other minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bone is covered by

A

periosteum (fibrous connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cartilage is covered by

A

perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bone covering (periosteum) and cartilage covering (perichondrium) - what do they do

A
  1. produces more bone or cartilage
  2. attachment of tendons and ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 layers of bone

A
  1. compact (outer layer)
  2. spongy - more central
  3. medullary cavity - bone marrow - yellow - fatty, red - blood cell forming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bones are …… - they receive blood supply from nutrient arteries and innervated

A

vascularised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bone covering (periosteum) is rich in …… nerves which detect pain, provides compact bone with blood - so you feel pain when breaking a bone

A

nociceptive nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

majority of bones are … bones

A

long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

….. bones are protective

A

flat bones eg. cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bones of the face are ….

A

irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bones that develop within tendons are

A

sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bone development - intramembranous ossification

A

outline of bone formed by membrane surrounding area of mesoderm, turns into bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bone development - endochondral ossification

A

more direct way - diaphysis (growing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

every bone has a different bone age, development varies depending on

A

nutritional status/diseases

20
Q

2 types of cells regulate bone formation - osteoblasts

A

generate bone tissue, deposit calcium

21
Q

2 types of cells regulate bone formation - osteoclasts

A

degrade bone tissue

22
Q

when bone breaks, what is hematoma

A

blood vessels are disrupted, RBC and WBC released

23
Q

most common joint

A

synovial joint - primary joints of movement, reinforced by ligaments
knee joint

24
Q

fibrous joints

A

connective tissue fibres (roots of teeth)
suture in skull

25
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

primary and secondary

26
Q

joints have a rich …. supply

A

nerve

27
Q

where are plane joints

A

between clavicle and scapula

28
Q

what are hinge joints

A

rotation in 2 directions eg. elbow

29
Q

where are ball and socket joints

A

femur at hip

30
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-striated
-tubular
-multinucleated
-voluntary contraction
-attached to skeleton

31
Q

smooth muscle

A

-non-striated
-spindle shaped
-uninucleated
-involuntary contraction regulated by autonomic NS
-covers wall of internal organs

32
Q

cardiac muscle

A

-striated
-branched
-uninucleated
-involuntary contraction
-covers walls of heart only

33
Q

proximal attachment of a muscle =

A

origin

34
Q

distal attachment of a muscle =

A

insertion

35
Q

types of contraction - reflexive -

A

breathing, knee jerk reflex

36
Q

types of contraction - tonic -

A

constant except during sleep or under anaesthesia

37
Q

types of contraction - phasic (2)

A

isotonic - muscle changes length
isometric - length is same but tonus increased above basic muscle tone

38
Q

isotonic contraction - muscle changes length (2)

A

concentric - lifting a weight or eccentric - lowering of a weight

39
Q

muscles can grow in response to activity (training) but cannot divide - they are replaced by …….

A

satellite cells

40
Q

myopathies - inherited

A

spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophies

41
Q

myopathies - acquired

A

myasthenia gravis, motor neuron disease, poliomyelitis

motor neuron disease

42
Q

what is hypertrophy

A

muscles can grow in response to activity (eg. training)

43
Q

short bones are ….. in wrist and ankle

A

cuboidal

44
Q

bone healing - fibroblasts secrete

A

collagen that forms the collar of a callus

45
Q

hiltons law

A

nerves supplying a joint also supply muscles that move the joint

46
Q

how many skeletal muscles do humans have

A

639

47
Q

muscles are attached via …. to bone, cartilage, ligaments, organs

A

tendons

anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions