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anatomy > digestive system anatomy > Flashcards

digestive system anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

foregut contains

A

oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, proximal half of duodenum

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2
Q

midgut contains

A

distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, 3/4 transverse colon

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3
Q

hindgut contains

A

1/4 transverse + descending + sigmoid colon, rectum

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4
Q

what are mesenteries

A

fold of membrane that holds primitive gut in position
-derived from mesoderm
-in both peritoneal layers

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5
Q

peritoneum (single layer) surrounding organ is called

A

visceral peritoneum - at wall of organ

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6
Q

peritoneum (single layer) surrounding body is called

A

parietal peritoneum - at wall of body

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7
Q

mesentery (dual layer) - back is called

A

dorsal mesentery - attaches abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

mesentery (dual layer) - front is called
-this layer …. during development except for region developing from foregut

A

ventral mesentery
degenerates

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9
Q

roles of mesentery

A

-holds abdominal organs in place
-pathway for blood vessels, lymphatics, innervation to reach abdominal organs

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10
Q

gut rotation is in specific order caused by …

A

differences in growth rate of the dorsal mesentery

structures move from midline to lateral, and innervation
explains why abdominal pain = midline

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11
Q

abdomen and pelvis - no clear ….

A

separation

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12
Q

kidney is retroperitoneal - what does this mean

A

sits behind the peritoneum

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13
Q

organ rotation leads to lesser/greater sacs -

A

-lesser sac - behind the stomach
-greater sac - at the front, rest of peritoneal cavity

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14
Q

inner layer of the alimentary canal secretes mucus is called -

A

mucosal

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15
Q

middle layer of the alimentary canal moves lumen contents is called -

A

muscular

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16
Q

outer layer of the alimentary canal secretes lubricating fluid is called -

A

serous

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17
Q

most dilated part of alimentary canal

A

stomach

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18
Q

stomach bordered between

A

oesophagus and small intestine

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19
Q

stomach has 2 openings -

A

2 curvatures and 2 surfaces

20
Q

small intestine is where

A

digestion and absorption take place
-convoluted tubule

21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q

what is the name of the artery that provides blood to mid gut

A

superior mesenteric artery

24
Q

what is the name of the artery that provides blood to hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

25
Q

lymphatics are named according to

A

which vessel they come from

26
Q

superior mesenteric nodes from the -

A

midgut

27
Q

inferior mesenteric nodes from the -

A

hindgut

28
Q

at the end of the 4 weeks post folding both the … and … ends remain closed by membranes

A

cranial and caudal

29
Q

examples of dorsal mesentery (attaches abdominal organs to back abdominal wall)

A

-greater omentum
-mesentery of small and large intestine

30
Q

ventral mesentery is only retained in the …. region

A

foregut
example - lesser omentum links lesser curvature of stomach to back of liver, falciform ligament

31
Q

lesser/greater sac communicate via

A

epiploic foramen

32
Q

primitive gut formed as a result of the developing embryo undertaking 2 folds -

A

1 in the cranial-caudal axis
1 in the lateral plane

end of 4 weeks, both cranial and caudal ends are closed by membranes

33
Q

role of stomach (2)

A

mechanical - muscle
chemical - digestion

34
Q

lesser curvature of stomach on … border

A

superior

35
Q

greater curvature of stomach on … border

A

inferior

36
Q

wall of stomach composed of 3 layered muscle (3)

A

longitudinal, circular, oblique

37
Q

small intestine divided into 3 main categories

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

38
Q

which part of small intestine lies in the retroperitoneal space

A

duodenum

39
Q

jejunum role

A

large surface area for absorption, increased by microvilli and circular folds
-so is very mobile - attached only to 1 edge

40
Q

large intestine has 4 parts

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

41
Q

parts of large intestine that are retroperitoneal

A

ascending and descending

42
Q

role of large intestine

A

reabsorb water, form faeces and expel

43
Q

action of defacation in large intestine is controlled by

A

rectum/anus

44
Q

which part of the gut features microvilli on its luminal surface

A

ileum

45
Q

facts about GI tract

A

The epithelium of the mucosa varies in different parts of the GI tract

c.
The muscularis mucosa has different thicknesses in different regions

d.
Glands are only found in the submucosa of the duodenum and oesophagus

e.
Water recovery is a major role of the colon

46
Q

in which region is both new activation for digestion and absorption of digestion products started

A

duodenum

anatomy (16 decks)

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