cardiovascular system

Question 1

heart develops in embryo pos-conception weeks … to …

Answer 1

3 to 8

Question 2

skin, neural tissue in NS gives rise to ….. germ layer

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

bone, muscle, kidney, heart gives rise to ….. germ layer

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

digestive tract & respiratory system gives rise to ….. germ layer

Answer 4

endoderm

Question 5

connective tissue sheath around heart =

Answer 5

pericardium - ensures that it is
maintained in its position in the thorax and its actions are friction free

Question 6

3 layers of pericardium -
1. outer fibrous layer

Answer 6

attaches heart to diaphragm

Question 7

3 layers of pericardium - inner layers: (2)

Answer 7

-parietal pericardium - inner surface of fibrous layer
-visceral layer (epicardium) - innermost layer

Question 8

what is the pericardial cavity

Answer 8

small fluid filled space separating visceral and parietal pericardium (inner layers), reducing friction between surfaces as heart beats

Question 9

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 9

dense connective tissue that separates atria from ventricles, provides critical support, separates flow of electrical impulses

Question 10

heart has to have its own blood supply - maintained by: (2)

Answer 10

cardiac arteries and cardiac veins

Question 11

heart sounds caused by closing of valves - lubb sound -

Answer 11

closing of AV valves as ventricle contracts

Question 12

heart sounds caused by closing of valves - dubb sound -

Answer 12

closing of semilunar valves as ventricles relax and begin to fill

Question 13

systole - lubb

Answer 13

AV valves closed, semilunar valves open

Question 14

diastole - dubb

Answer 14

AV valves open, semilunar valves closed

Question 15

3 elements to AV valves

Answer 15

1. papillary muscles
2. chordae tendineae
3. cusps of valves

Question 16

cardiac arteries

Answer 16

2 main arteries supply the heart -
left and right coronary artery

when heart is relaxed, blood enters coronary arteries

Question 17

cardiac veins

Answer 17

venous drainage is by cardiac veins, goes into great cardiac vein

Question 18

semilunar valves - pulmonary valve and aortic valve consist of

Answer 18

They consist of a thin layer of connective tissue covered by endothelium

Question 19

what marks the boundaries between the ventricles on the external surface of the heart

Answer 19

interventricular sulci