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anatomy > basic tissue types > Flashcards

basic tissue types Flashcards

1
Q

in a tissue, the ….. fills the spaces between the cells

A

ECM

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2
Q

4 types of tissue

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue

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3
Q

epithelia cover

A

surfaces - skin, stomach, blood vessels

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4
Q

3 cell shapes for epithelium

A
  1. simple squamous - endothelial cells
  2. simple cuboidal - salivary gland duct
  3. simple columnar - inner surface of small intestine
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5
Q

3 cell arrangements for epithelium

A
  1. pseudostratified - all cells attached to underlying basement membrane - respiratory tract
  2. stratified squamous - only deepest layer attached to basement membrane - skin
  3. stratified transitional - urinary system
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6
Q

specialisations of epithelia - microvilli

A

increase SA for reabsorption - supported by actin
- inner surface of small intestine

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7
Q

specialisations of epithelia - cilia

A

moves substances along, made of microtubules
- respiratory system eg. trachea

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8
Q

specialisations of epithelia - keratinised

A

outer layer of dead keratinised cells
- skin

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9
Q

specialised cell types in epithelium

A

goblet cells in ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of trachea - secretes mucous
- epithelial tissue with more than 1 cell type

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10
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A
  1. fluid connective tissue (blood, lymph)
  2. soft connective tissue (fibroblasts, adipose cells)
  3. hard connective tissue (cartilage, bone)
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11
Q

soft and hard connective tissue seperated by large amounts of extracellular material called

A

matrix

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12
Q

3 key components of matrix -
1. proteoglycans

A

protein with many charged carb side chains
hydrated to form a gel

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13
Q

3 key components of matrix -
2. collagen proteins

A

rope-like, bend but don’t stretch

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14
Q

3 key components of matrix -
3. elastic fibres

A

stretchable and resilient

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15
Q

nervous tissue made of 2 types of cell

A

-neurons
-glial cells

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16
Q

muscle tissue 3 types
skeletal muscle -

A

attached to skeleton for voluntary movement

17
Q

muscle tissue 3 types
smooth muscle -

A

in walls of internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary

18
Q

muscle tissue 3 types
cardiac muscle -

A

only in heart

19
Q

in liver -

A

mostly epithelia - hepatocytes and endothelial cells line blood sinuses
- blood and soft connective tissue

20
Q

simple squamous cells are

A

endothelial cells lining blood vessel

21
Q

simple cuboidal cells are

A

salivary gland duct

22
Q

simple columnar cells line

A

inner surface of small intestine

23
Q

pseudostratified arrangement of epithelia found in

A

respiratory system eg. trachea
-all cells attached to underlying basement membrane

24
Q

stratified squamous arrangement of epithelia found in

A

skin

25
Q

transitional arrangement of epithelia found in

A

urethra and bladder

26
Q

epithelial specialisations on cells

A

-Cilia (movement of material over cell) - respiratory system eg. trachea
-Microvilli (absorption; increase surface area) - inner surface of small intestine
-Keratinisation (protection) - skin

27
Q

specialised cell types within epithelium - …. cells within ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of trachea secretes mucus

A

goblet cells

28
Q

fluid connective tissues =

A

blood and lymph

29
Q

soft connective tissue (connective tissue proper) =

A

fibroblasts
adipose cells

30
Q

hard connective tissue (supporting connective tissue) =

A

cartilage and bone

31
Q

connective tissue functions

A

Forms architectural framework of the body to preserve body form
* Filler for space between other types of tissue
* Structural support (e.g. bone, cartilage)
* Attachment (e.g. mesenteries for gut; fascia)
* Physical protection (e.g. skin)
* Defence via immune cells (e.g. skin, blood)
* Conduit for blood vessels and nerves
* Store (e.g. lipids)
* Wound healing
* Transport of material around body (blood, lymph)

32
Q

Soft and Hard Connective Tissue Properties are determined by

A

ECM they secrete

33
Q

matrix in a connective tissue

A
  1. oval nucleus of a fibroblast
  2. elastic fibres are thin, straight, branching
  3. collagen bundles are thick and wavy

pink material filling the spaces = hydrated proteoglycans

34
Q

cartilage - ….. collagen, lots of dense proteoglycans, deformable?

A

random but dense collagen
firm but deformable

35
Q

bone - mineral, random collagen, deformable?

A

hard, not deformable

36
Q

spinal cord - grey and white matter

A

grey in middle has neuron cell bodies and glial cells
white matter outside has axons and glial cells

anatomy (16 decks)

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