anatomy & evolution

Question 1

what can be used to construct phylogenies, was first constructed using

Answer 1

gene sequencing, RNA genes

Question 2

vertebrates are part of a phylum -

Answer 2

chordata

Question 3

chordates all have a long …. found in the mesoderm layer

Answer 3

notochord

Question 4

modifications to the head of vertebrates allowed us to become …

Answer 4

predacious

Question 5

the first vertebrates lacked -

Answer 5

jaws

Question 6

can date fossils to tell us

Answer 6

the sequence of events

Question 7

how are we tetrapods

Answer 7

vertebrates that live on land - needed many changes to anatomy (used to live in sea)

Question 8

tetrapods - shift from respiration via gills to ….. respiratory system

Answer 8

lung based

Question 9

evolution of tetrapod - gained a ….. - important to live on land

Answer 9

palate

Question 10

extant tetrapods - (still living) involves (2)

Answer 10

amphibia and amniotes

Question 11

are we amniotes or amphibia

Answer 11

amniotes

Question 12

name amniote comes from

Answer 12

one of 3 membranes that surround embryo - closest membrane to embryo

Question 13

allantois membrane around embryo

Answer 13

gas exchange and stores metabolic waste
-umbilical cord in mammals

Question 14

chorion membrane around embryo

Answer 14

protective membrane around the egg (outer layer)

Question 15

what layer around embryo contributes to umbilical cord

Answer 15

allantois

Question 16

evolution of the mammal middle ear -

Answer 16

a new jaw joint evolved

Question 17

mammals are split into 3 groups

Answer 17

monotremes, marsupials, eutherians

Question 18

3 key events in evolution in our anatomy -

Answer 18

1. we are vertebrates
2. we have jaws
3. tetrapods - moved to land from sea

Question 19

phylogeny =

Answer 19

emergence of form through evolution

Question 20

what can be used to construct phylogenies

Answer 20

comparisons between gene sequences from diff organisms
-related organisms share more closely related genes

Question 21

phylogenies were first constructed using

Answer 21

ribosomal RNA genes

Question 22

phylogenies are now constructed using

Answer 22

genome data

Question 23

what phylum are we part of

Answer 23

chordata

Question 24

in vertebrates, notochord is replaced by

Answer 24

vertebrae of backbone

Question 25

the fossil record fills in the gaps between

Answer 25

jawless and jawed vertebrates

Question 26

extant tetrapods

Answer 26

amphibia and amniotes

Question 27

how many ear ossicles do mammals have

Answer 27

3

Question 28

how are humans and chimps both primates

Answer 28

very similar genomes
very similar protein coding regions
come from one ancestor

Question 29

3 key events in evolution underpin our anatomy

Answer 29

emergence of vertebrates
emergence of gnathostomes
tetrapods