Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Functions of bone (7)

Answer 1

framework for the body
attachment for tendons or muscles
boundary for cavities
protection
Production of red blood cells
yellow bone marrow stores triglycerides
reservoir for calcium

Question 2

Types of bones (6)

Answer 2

Long, flat, sutural, irregular, short and sesamoid

Question 3

What is the process where blood cells are created in bone marrow

Answer 3

Hemopoiesis

Question 4

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton

Answer 4

Axial and appendicular

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

Question 6

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Question 7

What bones make up the pectoral girdle

Answer 7

clavicle, sternum and scapula

Question 8

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

Answer 8

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 9

Bones of the skull (7)

Answer 9

parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, mandible, maxilla and zygomatic

Question 10

Babies’ Skulls

Answer 10

skull isn’t fused so that it can be compressed during child birth, these fuse over time creating a sutural bone

Question 11

How many separate bones is the sacrum before it fuses?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

How many separate bones is the coccyx before it fuses?

Answer 12

3-5

Question 13

3 functions of the spine

Answer 13

Protects the spinal cord
facilitates movement of the torso
supports and stabilises the body

Question 14

One function of the vertebral discs

Answer 14

Reduce friction

Question 15

Long bone structure: epiphysis

Answer 15

end of the bone
spongy - has spaces
Where IO drugs go

Question 16

Long bone structure: diaphysis

Answer 16

compact bone
shaft

Question 17

Long bone structure: metaphysis

Answer 17

contains the epiphyseal growing plate
often fractures in children

Question 18

Long bone structure: articular cartilage

Answer 18

covers the ends of bones
reduces friction

Question 19

Long bone structure: medullary cavity

Answer 19

marrow cavity with diaphysis
RBC production
Yellow/fatty marrow
triglyceride storage

Question 20

Endosteum, Periosteum and outer fibrous layer of bone

Answer 20

Endosteum = lining of marrow cavity
Periosteum = tough membrane covering bone
Outer fibrous layer = provides attachment point for tendons, protective layer

Question 21

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 21

osteoblasts = build up bone matrix
osteoclasts = break down bone matrix to repair microdamages. They also signal to osteoblasts to tell them to deposit collagen over the effected area

Question 22

What is osteopenia

Answer 22

low bone density, but not severe enough to be classed as osteoporosis

Question 23

Who in particular has an increased chance of developing osteoporosis?

Answer 23

Women after menopause as oestrogen decreases

Question 24

Types of joints and an overview for each

Answer 24

Fibrous: held together by fibrous connective tissue
Cartilaginous: no synovial capsule
Synovial: moving joints, synovial cavity, surrounded by joint capsule, synovial fluid

Question 25

Ball and socket joint examples

Answer 25

hips and shoulders

Question 26

What movements can ball and socket joints achieve?

Answer 26

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation

Question 27

Hinge joint examples

Answer 27

knees and elbows

Question 28

What movements can hinge joints achieve?

Answer 28

flexion and extension

Question 29

Pivot joint examples

Answer 29

neck, lower arm

Question 30

saddle joint examples

Answer 30

wrist

Question 31

flexion and extension

Answer 31

decreased angle between a joint

increased angle between a joint

Question 32

Abduction and adduction

Answer 32

movement away from midline

movement towards midline

Question 33

pronation and supination

Answer 33

natural movement in feet, ankles, forearms and limbs that helps us keep balance

rotating upwards then downwards

Question 34

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Answer 34

movement of hands or feet upwards

movement of hands or feet away from the body

Question 35

internal rotation and external rotation

Answer 35

movement of body towards axis

movement of body away from axis

Question 36

Inversion and eversion

Answer 36

sole of foot towards midline

sole of foot away from midline

Question 37

ulnar deviation and radial deviation

Answer 37

fingers bend towards ulna on the outside of the arm

fingers or wrist bend towards the radius

Question 38

3 types of muscle

Answer 38

skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 39

origin, insertion and belly of muscles

Answer 39

point of attachment which does not move when muscle shorten

point of attachment that does move

fleshy part of muscle