Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bone (7)

A

framework for the body
attachment for tendons or muscles
boundary for cavities
protection
Production of red blood cells
yellow bone marrow stores triglycerides
reservoir for calcium

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2
Q

Types of bones (6)

A

Long, flat, sutural, irregular, short and sesamoid

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3
Q

What is the process where blood cells are created in bone marrow

A

Hemopoiesis

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4
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

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5
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

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7
Q

What bones make up the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle, sternum and scapula

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8
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle

A

ilium, ischium and pubis

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9
Q

Bones of the skull (7)

A

parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, mandible, maxilla and zygomatic

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10
Q

Babies’ Skulls

A

skull isn’t fused so that it can be compressed during child birth, these fuse over time creating a sutural bone

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11
Q

How many separate bones is the sacrum before it fuses?

A

5

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12
Q

How many separate bones is the coccyx before it fuses?

A

3-5

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13
Q

3 functions of the spine

A

Protects the spinal cord
facilitates movement of the torso
supports and stabilises the body

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14
Q

One function of the vertebral discs

A

Reduce friction

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15
Q

Long bone structure: epiphysis

A

end of the bone
spongy - has spaces
Where IO drugs go

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16
Q

Long bone structure: diaphysis

A

compact bone
shaft

17
Q

Long bone structure: metaphysis

A

contains the epiphyseal growing plate
often fractures in children

18
Q

Long bone structure: articular cartilage

A

covers the ends of bones
reduces friction

19
Q

Long bone structure: medullary cavity

A

marrow cavity with diaphysis
RBC production
Yellow/fatty marrow
triglyceride storage

20
Q

Endosteum, Periosteum and outer fibrous layer of bone

A

Endosteum = lining of marrow cavity
Periosteum = tough membrane covering bone
Outer fibrous layer = provides attachment point for tendons, protective layer

21
Q

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts = build up bone matrix
osteoclasts = break down bone matrix to repair microdamages. They also signal to osteoblasts to tell them to deposit collagen over the effected area

22
Q

What is osteopenia

A

low bone density, but not severe enough to be classed as osteoporosis

23
Q

Who in particular has an increased chance of developing osteoporosis?

A

Women after menopause as oestrogen decreases

24
Q

Types of joints and an overview for each

A

Fibrous: held together by fibrous connective tissue
Cartilaginous: no synovial capsule
Synovial: moving joints, synovial cavity, surrounded by joint capsule, synovial fluid

25
Ball and socket joint examples
hips and shoulders
26
What movements can ball and socket joints achieve?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation
27
Hinge joint examples
knees and elbows
28
What movements can hinge joints achieve?
flexion and extension
29
Pivot joint examples
neck, lower arm
30
saddle joint examples
wrist
31
flexion and extension
decreased angle between a joint increased angle between a joint
32
Abduction and adduction
movement away from midline movement towards midline
33
pronation and supination
natural movement in feet, ankles, forearms and limbs that helps us keep balance rotating upwards then downwards
34
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
movement of hands or feet upwards movement of hands or feet away from the body
35
internal rotation and external rotation
movement of body towards axis movement of body away from axis
36
Inversion and eversion
sole of foot towards midline sole of foot away from midline
37
ulnar deviation and radial deviation
fingers bend towards ulna on the outside of the arm fingers or wrist bend towards the radius
38
3 types of muscle
skeletal, smooth and cardiac
39
origin, insertion and belly of muscles
point of attachment which does not move when muscle shorten point of attachment that does move fleshy part of muscle