musculoskeletal system

Question 1

the spinal column

Answer 1

• a series of small bones forming a flexible & supportive structure down the back
• discs of cartilage found between the vertebrae to cushion them during locomotion

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

firm, flexable connective tissue

Question 3

what do bones include

Answer 3

• compact bone tissue
• spongey bone
• marrow cavity

Question 4

what is a joint

Answer 4

a structure in the body at which 2 parts of the skeleton are fitted together. this allows us to move

Question 5

fiberous joint + e.g.

Answer 5

bones held together without cartilage e.g. skull

Question 6

what are the 3 types of joints

Answer 6

• fiberous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 7

cartilaginous joint e.g.

Answer 7

e.g. intervertebral disks holding vertebrae together

Question 8

features of a synovial joint

Answer 8

• fibrous capsule
• synovial fluid
• synovial membrane
• articular cartilage

Question 9

synovial joint + e.g.

Answer 9

• allows movement in one direction only
• hinge joint (elboe + knee)

Question 10

cartilage

Answer 10

reduces friction- acts as a shock absorber

Question 11

synovial fluid

Answer 11

lubricates the joint

Question 12

synovial membrane

Answer 12

produces synovial fluid

Question 13

tendon

Answer 13

joins a muscle to a bone enabeling movement- NON ELASTIC

Question 14

ligament

Answer 14

joins bone to bone, stabelising the joint- ELASTIC

Question 15

what is the musculosketal system made up of

Answer 15

• bones of the skeleton
• muscles
• cartilage
• tendons
• ligaments
• joints connective tissue

Question 16

what do muscles rely on to create motion

Answer 16

contractive fibres

Question 17

what is the muscoskeletal systems second function

Answer 17

the maintanance of posture and body position

Question 18

the sliding filament theory

Answer 18

• muscles contain thick & thin filaments- these filaments slide over eachother to allow contraction
• this brings z lines closer together (layers of connective tissue, joining the thin filaments together)

Question 19

what is a muscle cell

Answer 19

a fibre (tube like)

Question 20

what is in a muscle fibre

Answer 20

myofibril- containing contractive filaments

Question 21

what is a myofibril composed of?

Answer 21

‘thick’ and ‘thin’ filaments. each filament made up of strands of protein

Question 22

does the contraction of the muscles require ATP?

Answer 22

yes- from respiration

Question 23

example of antagonistic muscles

Answer 23

bicep & tricep

Question 24

when is locomotion produced

Answer 24

produced by muscles pulling on bones (attached together by tendons)