enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes

Answer 1

globular proteins used in metabolic reations. they are catalysts (speed up biological reactions)

Question 2

definition of metabolism

Answer 2

all reactions of the body

Question 3

what are the 2 types of metabolism

Answer 3

• anabolic
• catabolic

Question 4

anabolic metabolism

Answer 4

building up of molecules e.g. protein synthesis (condensation)

Question 5

catabolic metabolism

Answer 5

breaking down molecules e.g. digestion (hydrolisis)

Question 6

enzyme substrate complex

Answer 6

a temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molescules

Question 7

competitive inhibitor

Answer 7

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics

Question 8

non competitive inhibitor

Answer 8

a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering a site away from the active site, thus changing the shape of the active site

Question 9

factors that effect enzyme function

Answer 9

• Enzyme Concentration,
• Substrate Concentration,
• Temperature,
• pH

Question 10

lock and key model

Answer 10

The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the active site

Question 11

induced fit model

Answer 11

The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly

Question 12

collision theory

Answer 12

for an enzyme to catalyse a reaction it must…
* come into contact with a substrate
* substrate must be complimentary to active site
* must collide with enough energy

Question 13

activation energy

Answer 13

the minimum amount of energy required to activate a reaction

Question 14

exergonic reaction

Answer 14

energy released

Question 15

endergonic reaction

Answer 15

energy absorbed

Question 16

what are enzyme inhibitors

Answer 16

substances that directly or indirectly interfere with the functioning of the active site of a specific enzyme so decrease the rate of reaction

Question 17

what do enzyme inhibitors cause

Answer 17

• lower frequency of successful collisions
• lower number of enzyme substrate complexes forms
• lower number of reactions taking place

Question 18

what are the types of inhibitors

Answer 18

1. competitive
2. con-competitive

Question 19

competitive inhibitors structures and functions

Answer 19

• have similar shape to substrate allowing them to bind to & occupy the active site of the enzyme
• they compete with substrates for the active site
• the binding of competitive inhibiter is not perminent

Question 20

non-competive inhibitor structure and function

Answer 20

• attach to enzyme at a site that is not the active site (allosteric site)
• binding of inhibitor causes a change in the tertiary structure- changing active site (no longer complimentary)