carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 types of carbohydrates
A
- monosaccharides
- disaccarides
- polysaccharides
2
Q
monomer
A
- one part
- the simplist unit or the repeating unit of a polymer
3
Q
Dimer
A
- 2 parts
- 2 monomers linked together by a bond
4
Q
polymer
A
- many parts
- a compound made up of several repeating units monomers
5
Q
condensation reaction
A
a chemical reaction in which the joining of 2 organic compounds results in the production & release of water.
6
Q
hydrolisis reaction
A
process of splitting a compound into fragments with the addition of water.
7
Q
properties of monosaccharides
A
- sweet tasting
- soluble in water
- metalobised in respiration to release energy
- osmotically active
- have a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen
- combine by condensation to form disaccharides
8
Q
examples of monosaccharides
A
- triose
- pentose
- hexose
- tetrose
9
Q
properties of disaccharides
A
- two monosaccharides covalently linked by 1-4 glycosidic bond formed by a condensation reaction
- sweet tasting
- soluble in water
- osmotically active
10
Q
examples of disaccharides
A
- sucrose
- lactose
- maltose
11
Q
properties of polysaccharides
A
- large polymers of monosaccharides formed by condensation reactions producing glycosidic bonds between many monosaccharides
- may be linear or branched
- insoluble
- osmotically inactive
- not sweet tasting
- hydrolised to monosaccarides by amylases
- energy storage structural functions
12
Q
examples of pollysaccharides
A
- glygogen- storage product in animals
- starch- storage product in plants
- cellulose- structural molecule in plant
ALL are polymers of glucose but have different structural formulae
13
Q
glycogen structure and function
A
- made ofalpha glucose molecules linked by gloycosidic bonds branched every 8-10 molecules
- forms a compact insoluble molecule stored in liver and muscle cells.
