Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FSBPT > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

What occurs during anaerobic glycolysis/lactic acid system?

A

Glycogen ->glucose ->pyruvic acic. Releases ATP and forms lactic acid. Good for 30 to 40 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Which energy system is used for producing ATP at high intensity short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters?

A

ATP-PC/Phosphagen System-the most rapidly available source of ATP for use by muscle. Both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Class 1 lever and example of muscle

A

Fulcrum (axis of rotation) is between the effort (force) and resistance (load) Triceps brachii, open chain elbow extensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Class 2 lever and example of muscle/action

A

Load is between the axis and force, closed chain pushup: Wrist is the fulcrum, load is through the forearm, and triceps is the force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Class 3 lever, muscle example

A

The force is between the axis and the load. Eg shoulder abduction-hand is load, force is deltoid, axis glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The 3 types of fibrous joints (synarthroses) and examples of each

A

1) Suture: Union of bones by ligament or membrane, skull sutures
2) Syndesmosis: Bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord, tibia/fibula with interosseous membrane
3) Gomphosis: Tooth in socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The 2 types of cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)

A

1) Synchondrosis: Hyaline cartilage adjoins 2 ossifying centers of bone. Provides stability during growth and may ossify when growth is completed. Sternum and true rib articulation
2) Symphysis: Usually in the midline of body, bones covered with hyaline cartilage, connected with fibrocartilage. Pubic symphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The 6 types of synovial joints (diarthroses) and if they are uni, bi, or multi-axial.

A 
Uniaxial:  
Hinge/ginglymus
Pivot/trochoid
Biaxial:
Condyloid (MP joint)
Saddle (CMC of thumb)
Multi-axial
Plane (carpals)
Ball and socket
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location
Sensitivity
Primary Distribution
of this nerve ending: Free Nerve Endings

A

Location: Joint capsules, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity: Mechanical stress, noxious mech/chem stimuli
Primary Distribution: All joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Location
Sensitivity
Primary Distribution
of this Joint Receptor: Pacinian corpuscles

A

Location: Fibrous layer of the joint capsule
Sensitivity: High freq vibration, acceleration, high velocity changes in joint position
Primary Distribution: All joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location
Sensitivity
Primary Distribution
of this Joint Receptor: Golgi Ligament Endings

A

Location: Ligaments and their bony attachment
Sensitivity: Tension or stretch on ligaments
Primary Distribution: Majority of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location
Sensitivity
Primary Distribution
of this Joint Receptor: Ruffini endings

A

Location: Fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity: Stretching of the capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position
Primary Distribution: More in proximal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Location
Sensitivity
Primary Distribution
of this Joint Receptor: Golgi-Mazzoni Corpusces

A

Location: Joint capsule
Sensitivity: Compression of joint capsule
Primary Distribution: Knee joint, joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Temporomandibular joint:

3 muscles for depression

A

1) Lateral pterygoid
2) Suprahyoid
3) Infrahyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Temporomandibular joint:

3 muscles that elevate

A

1) Temporalis
2) Masseter
3) Medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Temporomandibular joint:

3 muscles for protrusion

A

1) Masseter
2) Lateral pterygoid
3) Medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Temporomandibular joint:

3 muscles for retrusion

A

1) Temporalis
2) Masseter
3) Digastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Temporomandibular joint:

4 muscles for side-to-side

A

1) Medial pterygoid
2) Lateral pterygoid
3) Masseter
4) Temporalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Loose packed position of the GH joint

A

55 abd, 30 horizontal add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Close packed position of the GH joint

A

EROM abd/ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Capsular pattern of the GH joint

A

ER, abd, IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loose packed position of the SC joint

A

Arm resting by side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Close packed position of the SC joint

A

Maximum shoulder elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Capsular pattern of the SC joint

A

pain at EROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Loose packed position of the AC joint
Arm resting by side
25
Close packed position of the AC joint
Arm abducted to 90
26
Capsular pattern of the AC joint
Pain at the EROM
27
Loose packed position of the Radiohumeral joint
Full extension, supination
28
Close packed position of the Radiohumeral joint
90 flexion, 5 sup
29
Capsular pattern of the Radiohumeral joint
Flexion, extension, supination, pronation
30
Loose packed position of the Ulnohumeral joint
70 flexion, 10 sup
31
Close packed position of the Ulnohumeral joint
Extension
32
Capsular pattern of the Ulnohumeral joint
flexion, extension
33
Loose packed position of the Proximal Radioulnar joint
70 flex, 35 sup
34
Loose packed position of the Radiocarpal joint
Neutral with slight ulnar deviation
35
Close packed position of the Radiocarpal joint
Extension with radial deviation
36
Capsular pattern of the Radiocarpal joint
Flexion and extension equally limited
37
Loose packed position of the Iliofemoral joint
30 flex, 30 abd, slight ER
38
Close packed position of the Iliofemoral joint
Full extension, medial rotation
39
Capsular pattern of the Iliofemoral joint
flex, abd, IR (sometimes IR is most limited)
40
Loose packed position of the Tibiofemoral joint
25 flex
41
Close packed position of the Tibiofemoral joint
full ext and ER of tibia
42
Capsular pattern of the Tibiofemoral joint
Flexion, extension
43
Which structures compose the Arcuate Ligament Complex? (5)
Arcuate ligament, oblique popliteal ligament, lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
44
Loose packed position of the Talocrural joint
10 PF, midway between in/ev
45
Close packed position of the Talocrural joint
Maximum DF
46
Capsular pattern of the Talocrural joint
PF, DF
47
Loose packed position of the Subtalar joint
Midway between EROMs
48
Close packed position of the Subtalar joint
Supination
49
Capsular pattern of the Subtalar joint
Varus
50
Loose packed of the Midtarsal Joint
Midway between EROMs
51
Close packed of the Midtarsal Joint
Supination
52
Capsular pattern of the Midtarsal Joint (what do these joints consist of and what axis(es) of rotation)
DF, PF, Add, IR This joint consists of the talocalcaneonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint. One longitudinal and one oblique axis, each triplanar START ON P60, SPINE
53
Capsular pattern of the spine
Lateral flexion and rotation equally limited
54
Which ribs are attached to the sternum?
1-7, 8-10 costal cartilage, 11 and 12 vertebral bodies
55
Type I vs type II fibers-which has larger fibers, which has high myoglobin content?
Type II has larger fibers, Type I has high myoglobin content.
56
Isotonic vs isokinetic muscle activity
Isotonic-Constant load | Isokinetic-Tension in the muscle is the same throughout the entire range
57
DeLorme vs Oxford for exercise protocols
DeLorme: 10 reps at 50% ten rep max, then 75, then 100. Oxford: Opposite
58
Review Dermatomes!
p65
59
The 9 standard skinfold site for measurment
Abdominal, midaxillary, triceps, subscap, biceps, suprailiac, chest/pc, thigh, medial calf.
60
Ideal plumb line alignment: 9 key points
1) Just posterior to the coronal suture 2) External Auditory Meatus 3) Odontoid Process (dens) 4) Tip of the shoulder 5) Bodies of the lumbar vertebrae 6) Slightly posterior to the hip joint 7) Slightly anterior to the knee joint 8) Slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus 9) Through the calcaneocuboid Joint
61
What is the difference between active and passive muscle insufficiency?
Active: When a two joint muscle contracts across both joints simultaneously. Passive: When it is lengthened over both joints
62
What is a festinating gait?
Walks on toes as though pushed then eventually may have to grasp an object
63
What is a tabetic gait pattern?
A high stepping ataxic gait pattern
64
The 12 steps of goniometric measurement
1) Place subject in position 2) Stabilize the proximal segment 3) Move distal segment through the available ROM 4) Estimate ROM 5) Return the distal joint segment to the starting position 6) Palpate the anatomical landmarks 7) Align the goniometer 8) Read the record the starting position. Remove goniometer 9) Stabilize the proximal segment 10) Move distal segment through the ROM 11) Replace the goni 12) Record ROM
65
Ludington's test
Pt is sitting, clasps hands behind head, asked to contract and relax the biceps, may indicate rupture of the biceps
66
Adson maneuver
Pt is sitting or standing. PT monitors radial pulse and has pt rotate head to test shoulder. Pt then asked to extend head while PT extends pt's shoulder.
67
Allen Test
Arm at 90 deg abd, lat rot, elbow flex. Pt rotates head away from test shoulder, PT monitors radial pulse.
68
Costoclavicular Syndrome Test
Pt assumes military position with hand, PT monitors radial pulse.
69
Wright Test (hyperabduction test)
PT moves patient's arm overhead in the frontal plane while monitoring the radial pulse.
70
Cozen's Test
Active, pt makes a fist, pronates, radially deviates, and extends wrist against resistance (elbow slightly flexed)
71
Mill's test
Passive: PT flexes the wrist and extends the elbow
72
Lat Epicondylitis Test
Middle 3rd finger
73
Medial Epicondylitis Test
Passive: PT passively extends wrist and elbow
74
Allen test for vascular insufficiency
open and close hands several times while PT compresses the radial and ulnar arteries. Therapist releases one of the arteries
75
Bunnel-Littler Test
MP joint in slight extension. PT moves PIP joint into flexion. If doesn't flex might be capsular or muscular tightness.
76
Tight retinacular ligament test
PIP held in neutral, PT flexes DIP. Retinacular or capsular may be tight. If can flex with the PIP in flexion, ligaments may be tight while capsule is normal.
77
Froment's sign
Pt to hold paper between thumb and index finger. Positive if pt flexes the DIP due to adductor pollicis paralysis
78
Jeanne's sign
Same test as Froment's but at the same time pt hyperextends MP joint of the thumb, also indicating Ulnar nerve paralysis
79
Phalen's test
Pt flexes wrists maximally by pushing dorsal hands together. Carpal tunnel.
80
Finkelstein test
Pt makes fist with thumb tucked inside fingers. PT ulnarly deviates the wrist. de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.
81
Which joint does the grind test examine for OA?
The CMC joint of the thumb.
82
Murphy sign
Pt asked to make a fist. Positive if patient's 3rd metacarpal remains level with the 2nd and 4th-possible dislocated lunate.
83
Ely's Test
Prone, knee flexion, tests for rec fem tightness
84
Tripod sign
When sitting, extends back when extends knee
85
90-90 SLR
Pt starts with hips flexed, tight hamstrings if knee remains 20 degrees or more flexed when asked to straighten it.
86
Barlow's Test
Pediatric: supine, hips flexed to 90, moves leg into abd and applies forward force. Positive if clunk/click, may indicate dislocation/relocation of hip, variation of Ortolani's test.
87
Ortolani's Test
Supine, hips flexed to 90, PT abducts both hips and pressure applied to the greater trochanters until resistance is felt at approx 30 deg. Positive is click/clunk
88
Craig's Test
Prone, knees to 90, rotates hip until greater trochanter is parallel with table. Measure femoral anteversion. Should be 8-15 deg.
89
What is FABER also known as?
Patick's test.
90
Slocum test
Supine, knee at 90, hip at 45, PT rotates foot 30 degrees medially, then anterior drawer. Tests anterolateral instability.
91
Clarke's sign
hold patella down, pt contracts quad
92
Hughston's Plica Test
Supine, PT flexes knee and medially rotates tibia, then medially glides the patella. Positive if popping sound over the medial plica.
93
Noble compression test
Pressure over lat fem condyle-flexes and extends knee, ITB syndrome.
94
Thompson Test
Prone, feet extended over table, squeeze calf, positive if no plantar flexion-achilles rupture.
95
Peak incidence of adhesive capsulitis is between ___ and ___ years
40 and 60
96
Adhesive capsulitis is more common in which gender?
women
97
What is the difference between a longitudinal and transverse limb deficiency?
Longitudinal: Reduction or absence of an element/s within the long axis of the bone. Transverse: Limb has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist.
98
How is subluxation different than dislocation of the humeral head?
Subluxation is allowing >50% of humeral head to translate over the glenoid rim without dislocation
99
The 3 types of JRA
Systemic, polyarticular, oligoarticular
100
Systemic JRA: % of JRA cases, symptoms
10-20%, fever, rash, enlargement of spleen and liver, inflammation of the lungs and heart
101
Oligoarticular vs Polyarticular JRA
Oligo: Also known as pauciarticular. 40-60% of cases, less than 5 joints, asymmetrical . Poly: 30 to 40%, significant rheumatoid factor, more than 4 joints, symmetrical involvement
102
This disease is characterized by degeneration of the femoral head due to avascular necrosis, and has these 4 stages:
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. 1) condensation 2) fragmentation 3) re-ossification 4) remodeling
103
Which knee meniscus is most often injured and why?
Medial, because attached to joint capsule, so less mobile
104
Which types of osteogenesis imperfecta are autosomal dominant and which are recessive?
I and IV are dominant, II and III recessive
105
The most common age of onset for RA is between ___ and ___ and is most common in which gender?
40 and 60 | women affected 3 times more than men
106
Which gender is more likely to develop and scoliosis curve of 10 degrees or less? Which greater than 30 degrees?
Both genders for mild curve, females for significant curve.
107
A spinal orthosis is often warranted with a spinal curve between ___ and ___ degrees
25 and 40, >40 surgery
108
Best THA approach for non-compliant patients
Direct lateral approach. Longitudinal division of the TFL and vastus lateralis and anterior glut med. Minimizes posterior dislocation
109
What is Roxanol?
Morphine
110
What is Demerol
Meperidine (opioid)
111
What is Sublimaze?
Fentanyl
112
What is Paveral?
Codeine
113
What is Oxycontin?
Oxycodone
114
What are DMARDs? Side effects? Major implication for PTs?
Diease-modifying antiheumatic drugs-halt the progression of rheumatic disease. Nausea, headache, joint pain/swelling, GI distress, sore throat, fever, liver dysfunction, hair loss, sepsis, retinal damage. High incidence of toxicity.
115
Which KAFO is specifically designed for paraplegics so they can stand with a posterior lean?
Craig-Scott KAFO
116
What is a parapodium?
Standing frame that allows gait and sitting when necessary. Used primarily by the pediatric population.
117
What type of orthosis is designed to promote realignment of the spine due to scoliotic curvature?
Milwaukee
118
What TLSO limits flexion/extension through a 3 point control design?
Taylor Brace
119
What is a shoulder girdle and UE amputation called?
Forequarter
120
What is a pelvis and bilateral LE amputation called?
Hemicorporectomy
121
What is a Syme's amputation?
Foot at the ankle joint with removal of the malleoli
122
What is a midtarsal joint amputation called?
Chopart's
123
Prosthetic causes of lateral bending gait deviation
Too short, improperly shaped lateral wall, high medial wall, aligned in abduction.
124
Prosthetic causes of abducted gait deviation
Too long, high medial wall, poorly shaped lateral wall, positioned in abd, inadequate suspension, excessive knee friction
125
Prosthetic causes of excessive knee flexion during stance
Socket set forward in relation to the foot Foot set in excessive DF Stiff heel Prosthesis too long
126
Prosthetic causes of vaulting
Too long, inadequate socket suspension, excessive alignment stability, excessive PF
127
Prosthetic causes of rotation of forefoot at heel strike
Excessive toe-out build in Loose socket Inadequate suspension Rigid SACH heel cushion
128
Prosthetic causes of forward trunk flexion
Socket too big, poor suspension, knee instability
129
Prosthetic causes of medial/lateral whip
Excessive rotation of the knee Tight socket fit valgus improperly aligned toe break

FSBPT (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions