Modalities, Safety, Professional Responsibilities, Research Flashcards
Stand pivot transfer:
Patients with unilateral weight-bearing restrictions or hemiplegia should lead with the _________ side, while a patient post-CVA should lead with the _________ side (involved, uninvolved).
Uninvolved
Involved (therapeutically)
Standard wheelchair measurements for proper fit, and average adult size: Seat depth
Subtract 2 inches from buttock to popliteal fold
16 in
Standard wheelchair measurements for proper fit, and average adult size: Seat width
Add 2 inches to widest aspect of butt, hip, thigh
18 inches
Standard wheelchair measurements for proper fit, and average adult size: Back height
Subtract 4 inches from the seat of the chair to floor of the axilla, so it is below the inferior angle of the scapula
16-16.5 inches
Standard wheelchair measurements for proper fit, and average adult size: Armrest height
Add 1 inch from seat of chair to olecranon process when arm flexed at 90.
9 inches
The handgrip of axillary crutches/cane should be at what level when the pt is standing?
Ulnar syloid
Where should axillary crutches be positioned when fitting them to a pt?
6 inches in front, 2 inches lateral
Crutch height should be no more than _____ finger widths from the axilla
3
Lofstrand crutches: proper fit means ____ to ____ of elbow flexion
20-25 with crutches places 6 in in front and 2 in lateral
Hickman catheter: where, what is it used for
Indwelling R atrial catheter, via sup. vena cava. Used for long-term administration of substances into teh venous system such as chemo, nutrition, antibiotics
Swan-Ganz catheter: where, what is it used for
inserted through a vein to a pulmonary artery
The 2 modalities that transfer heat by conversion
Diathermy, U/S
The 3 modalities that transfer heat by radiation
Infrared, Laser, UV light
An area of ___ to ___ cm can be covered in 5-10 minutes for ice massage
10-15
The series of sensations for ice massage
intense cold, burning, aching, analgesia
A cold pack should be applied for ____ min for msk conditions, _____ for spasticity reduction, checked every _____ minutes
20, 30, 10
Cold bath temp should range from ____ to ___ degrees
55-64 F
Hot packs are stored between ____ and _____ deg F
Fluidotherapy
Paraffin
158 and 167
100-118
113-122
Check skin every ____ min for hot pack
5
How many towel layers for hot pack?
6-8
Ultrasound: Effective radiating area vs spatial averaged intensity vs spatial-peak intensity, vs beam nonuniformity ratio
ERA: are of the transducer that transmits energy, is always small than the size of the head.
Spatial averaged intensity: the intensity of the U/S beam averaged over the are of the transducer (Watts/cm2).
Peak: intensity of the beam at its highest point
BNR: ratio between the spatial peak intensity and the spacial averaged intensity, lower is better, usually 5:1 to 6:1, can range from from 2:1 to 8:1
Why would one use a lower duty cycle like 20% for U/S?
For nonthermal effects:
increased cell permeability, increased intracellular calcium levels, facilitation of tissue repair, promotion of normal cell function. Resulting from cavitation (bubbles)
An area ___ to ____ times the size of the transducer typically requires 5 minutes of U/S time
2-3
The most common frequency used for shortwave diathermy is _____MHz
27.12
When would one choose diathermy vs U/S?
Diathermy can heat up to 25 times the size of the U/S area, static application so heat more uniform, rate of tissue cooling is slower, so additional time to perform interventions with warm tissue
The types of Hydrotherapy equipment
1) Extremity Tank
2) Lowboy
3) Highboy
4) Hubbard
5) therapeutic poo
1) about 10-45 gallons
2) permits long sitting
3) permits sitting in chest-high water with the hips and knees flexed
4) full body immersion (4x8 ft) temp shouldn’t exceed 100 degrees
When would you use 25% body weight for lumbar traction, when would you use 50%
25% for soft tissue stretch and discs
50% to separate the actual joints
Cervical traction angles for upper, mid and lower cervical spine
upper: 0-5
mid: 10-20
lower: 25-25
A force of ___ to ___ % of pts body weight would be adequate to stretch soft tissue and discs while ____ to ____% body weight would be good for joint distraction for cervical traction
7-10% (10-15lbs)
13-20% (20-30lbs)
Definition of current, voltage, and resistance
Current: directed flow of charge, amperes
Voltage: electrical potential difference, volts
Resistance: voltage/current, ohms
What is a monophasic vs biphasic current
monophasic: non-continuous direct current
biphasic: non-continuous indirect current
Definition of amplitude
magnitude of current
Frequency for NMES
35-50 pulses per second usually required to produce a tetanic contraction, higher won’t produce stronger contraction but will increase fatigue
Acetic acid for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Calcific deposits, myositis ossificans
Negative
Calcium chloride for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Scar tissue, keloids, muscle spasms
Negative
Copper sulfate for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Fungal infection
Positive
Dexamathasone for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Inflammation
Negative
Iodine for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Scars, adhesive capsulitis
Negative
Lidocaine for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Analgesia, inflammation
Positive
Magnesium sulfate for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Muscle spasms, ischemia
Positive
Salicylates for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Muscle/jt pain, plantar warts
Negative
Zinc oxide for Iontophoresis, indications, polarity
Healing, dermal ulcers, wounds
Positive
What is a nosocomial infection?
acquired during a hospitalization.
What is asepsis?
Elimination of microorganisms that cause infection
The 5 titles of the ADA
I: Employment II: Public Services III: Public Accommodations IV: Telecommunications V: Misc
