Musculoskeletal Pt 3 Flashcards
What are the six types of fracture
Chip, complete, compound, displaced, nondisplaced, stress
How do you diagnose a fracture
Radiographs or scintigraphy (for nondisplaced/stress)
How do you treat a fracture
Complete/displaced = surgery (plates, screws)
Chips removed (arthroscopic surgery)
Stress/stable nondisplaced = rest
What is the complication of a fracture
Osteoarthritis (bone/joint inflammation)
What is degenerative joint disease
Progressive deterioration of the joint due to mechanical stresses that damage cartilage, can lead to osteoarthritis
Put the following in order (with respect to DJD):
1. Cartilage damage
2. inflamed synovium
3. formation of osteophytes
4. mechanical stress
5. osteoarthritis
Mechanical stress -> inflamed synovium -> cartilage damage (DJD) -> formation of osteophytes -> osteoarthritis
What are osteophytes
Bony outgrowths that occur when cartilage is damaged
What is ringbone
DJD in the pastern join
What is bone spavin
DJD in the hock joint
How do you diagnose DJD
Lameness, decrease ROM, fluid build up, stress tests, blocks, radiographs, scintigraphy, MRI, ultrasound
How do you treat DJD
NSAIDs, joint inject SAIDs, oral supplement (glucosamine/chondroitin), arthrodesis (surgery) achieving ankylosis
What is ankylosis
Stiffening/immobility due to fusion of bones
How serious of an issue is DJD
One of the most important performance limiting problems in horses, can progress to chronic lameness
What is a complication of DJD
joint infection
What is osteochondrosis
Abnormality in joint development resulting in abnormal bone and cartilage on the surface of the joint or in the form of bone cysts just below the surface
What is osteochondrosis dessicans
When osteochondrosis results in a loose flap of cartilage and bone at the surface of a joint
Where does osteochondrosis most commonly occur
Stifle, hock, fetlock, shoulder
What causes osteochondrosis
Heredity (WB, STB), nutrition (high-energy feeds), trauma. Body grows too fast, skeletal system messed up
How is osteochondrosis diagnosed
Lameness in young horse, joint inflammation, radiographs
How would you conservatively treat osteochondrosis
NSAIDs, joint injection of SAIDs, oral supplement (glucosamine/chondroitin)
How would you aggressively treat osteochondrosis
Surgery to remove bone fragment/cartilage, pinning with absorbable pins
How serious is osteochondrosis
Depends on location; minimal to life threatening
Complications of osteochondrosis?
DJD may develop
When a horse injures a tendon in the lower leg (commonly the superficial/deep digital flexor tendon) what is this called (2 names)
Tendonitis or bowed tendon
What causes the “bow” in the tendon
The swelling
How do you diagnose tendonitis
Visible/palpable swelling, lameness, blocks, ultrasound
How do you treat acute tendonitis
Ice, rest, NSAIDs
How do you treat chronic tendonitis
Rehab, extracorporeal shockwave
How serious is tendonitis?
Varies, can be normal in a couple months or can re-injure
What are the complications of tendonitis
Annular ligament constriction (tendon swells under the ligament putting pressure on it)
Tenosynovitis
Chronic lameness
A horse has poor performance, low-grade hind limb lameness, is dragging one of its hindlimbs and is resisting work. There is asymmetry in their hindquarters, what could it be?
Sacroilic Desmitis or Sacroiliac Osteoarthritis
What is sacroiliac desmitis
Inflammation of the sacroiliac ligament
What is sacroiliac osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the flat, immobile sacroiliac joints
How do you diagnose sacroiliac
Hard
Scintigraphy
Blocks (difficult)
Ultrasound
Visible asymmetry
how do you treat sacroiliac
Frustrating, use joint injections (SAIDs), alternative therapies like acupuncture, chiropractor
How serious is sacroiliac disease
Chronic, frustrating
Serious impact on long-term performance
