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An Sc 325 > Musculoskeletal Pt 2 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What’re the initial signs of navicular syndrome

A

subtle shortening of stride, shift weight, stand with foot pointed forward

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2
Q

What age/breed of horse typically gets navicular

A

7-9 years (prime). quarter horses, thoroughbreds, warmbloods (dutch)

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3
Q

Why do we think navicular has a hereditary predisposition

A

Dutch Warmblood stallions with severe navicular were not allowed to be certified = decreased incidence

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4
Q

How do you diagnose navicular syndrome

A

short stride, affected when inside foot on circle, hard ground, hoof testers, nerve block, radiographs, ultrasound, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy

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5
Q

What does navicular DP view mean

A

beam is going from dorsal to palmar

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6
Q

How do you treat navicular syndrome

A

Shoeing (heel wedges)
Drugs (NSAIDs, vasodilator, joint injections of SAIDs, Osphos)
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
Neurectomy

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7
Q

What are NSAIDs

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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8
Q

What are the two most common NSAIDs

A

Flunixin meglumine and Phenylbutazone

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9
Q

What do flunixin and phenylbutazone both do

A

Anti-inflammatory
Pain relief
fever reducer

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10
Q

What makes flunixin special

A

It is an anti-endotoxic, so can treat colic

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11
Q

What are the downsides of flunixin and phenylbutazone

A

Can cause stomach ulcers and kidney damage

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12
Q

What is isoxuprine

A

Vasodilator used to treat navicular

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13
Q

What is a SAID

A

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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14
Q

What is the benefit of using a SAID

A

You can increase dosage (small amount= anti-inflammatory, a lot = modify immune response)

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15
Q

What is Osphos

A

Osphos prevents osteoclasts from functioning (they break down bone when remodeling; osteoblasts form new bone) which prevents navicular syndrome

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16
Q

What procedures can treat navicular syndrome

A

Non-invasive = extracorporeal shockwave therapy (pressure wave through soft-tissue)
Invasive = neurectomy (nerving)

17
Q

Why is shockwave dangerous

A

Can result in temporary pain relief and horse can further injure

18
Q

Why is nerving dangerous

A

There is no more pain but the nerve is cut so the horse can not feel anything (abscesses, nails). Most vets won’t. Horse can also be sold as “sound”

Can also be temporary and when grow back = neuroma’s which are painful

19
Q

Prognosis of navicular

A

Chronic/frustrating, but manageable

20
Q

What do SAIDs do

A

Combat inflammation, modifies immune response

21
Q

What are the joint treatments

A

Hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG)

22
Q

A horse has an inflammatory condition affecting the sensitive laminae of the foot, what is it?

A

Laminitis/founder

23
Q

What are laminae

A

Fingerlike projections that line the coffin bone connecting it to the insensitive laminae on the inner surface of the hoof wall

24
Q

What does a horse with laminitis look like

A

Leaning backwards trying to take weight off front end

25
Q

Is laminitis just a foot problem

A

No
Diet problem, muscle problem, skeletal problem, hormone problem
MULTIFACTORIAL

26
Q

What breeds is laminitis common in

A

Ponies, morgans, QH (all breeds susceptible)

27
Q

What is wrong with horses eating straw?

A

There is an unpredictable level of non-structural carbs like sugar = laminitis

28
Q

Should you give banamine (flunixin) IM?

A

NO = raging clostridial infection at site
Give it IV

29
Q

What is a sugardyne poultice

A

Mix iodine with sugar. Iodine is antiseptic, sugar is hyperosmotic

30
Q

What is proud flesh

A

Exuberant granulation tissue

31
Q

What causes laminitis

A

Multifactorial (obesity, CHO, trauma, metabolic diseases)

32
Q

What is rotation vs sinking

A

Rotation = detached pedal bone rotates in either direction
Sinking = pedal bone forced downwards

33
Q

How do you treat laminitis

A

Treat the underlying cause, reduce inflammation with NSAIDs, improve blood flow (vasodilators), foot care (square toes)

34
Q

How do you treat chronic laminitis

A

Maintain optimal foot balance, radiographs
Extreme = transection of deep digital flexor tendon (it pulls on the coffin bone)

35
Q

How serious is laminitis

A

Mild cases can be resolved, but can also be lethal

36
Q

What are the complications of laminitis

A

Abscessation, rotation

An Sc 325 (24 decks)

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