Musculoskeletal Malfunctions Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis = thinning of the bones.
Who is at risk of osteoporosis?
Linked to oestrogen levels – associated to post menopausal women.
Men – most common if they have low testosterone.
Lots of links with anorexia
Linked to rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, the long-term use of steroids, a family history and poor absorption of the gut (coeliac disease)
Smokers and alcoholics are at greater risk.
Why are many people not aware that they have osteoporosis?
No pain associated with it – only find out if tested for.
When is osteoporosis often found?
Often found when a fractur occurs.
Most common fractures – wrist, hip, ribs, vertebrae and spine.
Sometime a sudden cough can fracture a rib!
How is osteoporosis prevented?
Prevented by active lifestyle along with healthy diet
Best combated during childhood and adolescence
A Higher PEAK bone density in early adulthood decreases risk of Osteoporosis in later life
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis affects the smooth cartilage – usually the hands, spine, knees and hips.
Cartilage erodes meaning bones make contact, resulting in pain, inflammation and restricted movement.
What are the two main types of arthritis?
Two main types: Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is some causes of osteoarthritis ?
Frequently found as a result of sports e.g. rugby and manual jobs e.g. building
Common in large weight bearing joints
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Autoimmune disease where antibodies (produced in the immune system) attack joint lining causing inflammation. This inflammation causes further damage resulting in bone and cartilage breakdown.
What are the risk factors of RA?
Exact risk factors are unknown. Family history, smoking and oestrogen levels affect RA.
