Musculo h and s

Question 1

What do bones offer us?

Answer 1

Structure and support - Collectively your bones give your skeleton shape and provide the supportive framework for the soft tissues of your body.

Protection –
Our bones surround and protect vital tissues and organs in your body.

Question 2

Whats A typical bone???

Answer 2

Bone is a living, growing developing tissue requiring supplies of oxygen and nutrients. The musculoskeletal system provides us with the means of support and movement.

Shaft of compact bone with spongy ends arranged in irregular sheets (trabeculae).

Underneath lie growth plates which, until we reach late adolescence, are responsible for bone growth - our height

In the centre of this shaft is bone marrow:
Site of blood cell production
Stem cell storage – can develop into any type of cell

Where one bone joins to another, the end is covered in protective layer of cartilage

Question 3

Describe process of Osteoblasts and

Osteoclasts?

Answer 3

Whilst babies develop in the womb – the skeleton is made of tough but springy cartilage.

Cells called osteoblasts gradually invade the cartilage of the early skeleton, depositing mineral salts such as calcium phosphate.

Collagen and chondrin remain in our bones after birth which helps to give them a little elasticity.

Once osteoblasts have deposited their salts they become known as osteocytes and help maintain the bone as it forms and increases in size.

Osteoclasts remove bone using enzymes to dissolve bone salts.

This happens when we start a new physical activity (osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to change and re-sculpt our skeleton)

Question 4

Attachment for skeletal muscles?

Answer 4

Parts of the skeleton provide the surface for skeletal muscles to attach, allowing movement to occur.

Tendons attach muscle to bone providing leverage

This allows movement to occur at the joints so that we can walk, run, jump, throw etc.

Question 5

Source of blood cell production

Answer 5

Your bones are not completely solid

This would make your skeleton too heavy and movement difficult

Blood vessels feed the centre of your bones and stored within them is bone marrow.

Question 6

Where are minerals stored?

Answer 6

Minerals are stored in the bones and are used if needed by vital organs to help maintain homeostasis.

Examples:- Calcium – helps to strengthen bones.

and Iron – is used in red blood cells to help oxygen attach to haemoglobin.

Question 7

Whats a joint?

Answer 7

A joint is where two or more bones meet andmuscles act together to cause movement.

Question 8

Whats a ligament?

Answer 8

A tough fibrous connective tissue that joins one bone to another or holds together a joint

Question 9

Whats a tendon??

Answer 9

A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue

Question 10

What are the 3 main types of joint in the body?

Answer 10

1) Fixed/Immoveable or fibrous Joints
2) Slightly Moveable Joints – these are also known as cartilaginous
3) Freely Moveable Joints (synovial joints)

Question 11

Whats a Fixed/Immoveable or fibrous Joint?

Answer 11

The bones at an immoveable joint cannot move - they overlap or interlock, and are held together by a tough fibre, e.g. the skull.

Question 12

Whats a Slightly Moveable Joints? – these are also known as cartilaginous

Answer 12

The bones at a slightly moveable joint can only move

a little - they are held together by ligaments and are joined by protective pads known as cartilage, e.g. the ribs.

Question 13

Whats a Freely Moveable Joints (synovial joints)?

Answer 13

At a freely moveable joint the bones move freely.

There are the largest group of joints found in the body, e.g. the hips, shoulders and knees.

Question 14

In the synovial joints there is…

Answer 14

A joint cavity which separates articulating bones

Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

Question 15

Features of Synovial Joint

Answer 15

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones
Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule
Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
Ligaments reinforce the joint

Question 16

Define Synovial capsule

Answer 16

A tough band of connective tissue that surrounds and encloses a joint It has two layers: a tough, protective fibrous outer layer and an inner layer, which secretes synovial fluid

Question 17

Function of Synovial capsule

Answer 17

Increases the stability of the joint and encases the bones of the joint

Question 18

define Cartilage

Answer 18

Smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint

Question 19

Function of cartilage

Answer 19

To protect the ends of the bones as they move past each other

Question 20

define Synovial fluid

Answer 20

A protein enriched fluid which lubricates a joint

Question 21

function of synovial fluid

Answer 21

Reduces friction between bones and provides nutrition to the joint.

Question 22

Function of ligament

Answer 22

Attaches one bone to another and ensures the stability and integrity of the joint

Question 23

Function of tendon

Answer 23

It attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 24

Define hinge joint with examples

Answer 24

Hinge joints work like a hinge on a door.

They can only move in two directions, e.g. the knee and elbow joints.

Question 25

define Ball and Socket Joints and give examples

Answer 25

Ball and Socket joints are the most moveable joints in the body.

They can move in all directions, e.g. the hip and shoulder joints.

Question 26

define pivot joint and give examples

Answer 26

This joint only allows rotation,e.g. the vertebrae of the neck.

Question 27

define gliding joint + example

Answer 27

There is a little movement in all directions, e.g. the hand between the carpals.

Question 28

define saddle joint + example

Answer 28

i.e. in thumb
Flexion/Extension/Adduction/
Abduction/Circumduction

Question 29

define condyloid joint

Answer 29

Flexion/Extension/Adduction/

Abduction/Circumduction eg-wrist