Musculoskeletal Disorders and Surgery Flashcards
bone matrix is formed & calcium salts are deposited to harden
Ossification
What is needed to stimulate bone formation
Need Vit. D, parathyroid, calcitonin & WEIGHT BEARING
Diagnosis test for severity of metabolic bone disease including Paget disease, osteomalacia, and other states of high bone turnover
Alkaline Phosphatase
Diagnostic test used when evaluating for prostate cancer, Paget’s disease, hyperparathyroidism with skeletal involvement, and Gaucher’s disease
Acid Phosphatase
Open fracture is a
compound fracture
Closed fracture is a
Simple fracture
Microscopic muscle pull is called a
Strain
Injury to ligament caused by twisting
Sprain
Injury to ligaments and supporting muscle fibers around the joint is known as which of the following?
Contusion
Strain
Dislocation
Sprain
Both a strain and a sprain
ORIF
Open Reduction internal fixation
Surgical approach where the bone is surgically reduced and immobilized with pins, wires, screws, plates that are inserted through the bone or to the side of bone
ORIF
Does the nurse adjust the clamps
on the external fixator frame?
No, it is the physicians responsibility
How to clean pin sites if there is an infection
clean with sterile normal saline on q-tips tid
Care of a plaster cast:
ELEVATE ON PILLOW
KEEP AIR CIRCULATING- 24 - 72 HOURS TO DRY- MOVE WITH PALMS OF HANDS!
Care of a fiberglass cast:
DRIES IN MINUTES, use a sling
Neurovascular checks include:
temperature, pulse, cap refill, sensation
A wick catheter is used to
monitor compartment (syndrome) pressure
A hallmark sign of acute compartment syndrome is
pain that occurs or intensifies with passive ROM.
PURPOSE OF TRACTION =
TO ALIGN & DECREASE MUSCLE SPASMS
2 types of traction
Skin & Skeletal
a temporary type of lightweight traction applied to the distal end of a fractured lower limb
Buck’s traction
A form of traction used to align a fractured femur
Russell’s traction
A form of skeletal traction attached to the bone using pins, wires, or tongs
Steinmann pin traction
can hydrogen peroxide be used to clean pins?
no, only sterile saline or chlorhexidine
A classic sign of compartment syndrome is
pain more intense than initial injury
A surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint
Arthroplasty
the method of physically reconnecting the bones. This might involve special screws, plates, rods, wires, or nails that the surgeon places inside the bones to fix them in the correct place.
Internal fixation
orthopedic surgeons reposition the pieces of your fractured bone surgically so that your bones are back in their proper alignment.
an open reduction
a doctor physically moves the bones back into place without surgically exposing the bone.
closed reduction
hip fracture of the neck of femur
Intracapsular
hip fracture from trochanteric to sub trochanteric area
Extracapsular
One half of the hip joint is replaced(articular surface)
hemiarthroplasty
occurs when blood supply to bone is decreased
bone tissue dies, and needs to be reestablished ( usually replace!)
Avascular Necrosis
type of hip surgery incision usually done for arthritis: not a good choice for trauma
anterior
TKR
total knee replacement
Partial Knee replacement
Makoplasty
Amputation done to remove necrotic/gangrene
stump left open to drain
2nd stage done when infection has cleared
Guillotine Amputation
Type of amputation:
End of stump closed, with skin & muscle flaps
Closed Amputation:
POSITION TO PREVENT FLEXION CONTRACTURE OF THE HIP
NO PILLOW UNDER STUMP after 1st 24h- may be placed prone if tolerated
Clean cotton sock covered by heavier sock over stump before
using prosthesis
an infection in a bone
Osteomyelitis
Infections can reach a bone by
traveling through the bloodstream, from an open wound involving the bone or spreading from nearby tissue.
