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Med/Surg > Antibiotics and Anti-infective Medications > Flashcards

Antibiotics and Anti-infective Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Infection

A

Fever
Lethargy
Classic signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, heat, and pain)

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2
Q

The cell wall retains a stain or resists decolorization with alcohol

A

Gram-positive

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3
Q

The cell wall loses a stain or is decolorized by alcohol

A

Gram-negative

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4
Q

Depends on oxygen for survival

A

Aerobic

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5
Q

Do not use oxygen- deep in body

A

Anaerobic

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6
Q

Type of drug that can cause SUPERINFECTIONS

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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7
Q

Opportunistic infections such as thrush can be caused by

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

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8
Q

Substances that prevent growth of bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

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9
Q

Substances that kill bacteria directly

A

Bactericidal

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10
Q

It is best to find an antibiotic that falls between

A

bacteriostatic and bactericidal

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11
Q

Lower than normal neutrophils in blood

A

Neutropenia

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12
Q

Older adults can be at risk for toxicity due to

A

metabolizing and secretion problems

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13
Q

Avoid antibiotic resistance by

A

using the appropriate antibiotics properly

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14
Q

Bacteria can change

A

binding sites and permeability

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15
Q

Sometimes a reaction to antibiotics is not a true allergy, but a

A

side effect

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16
Q

aminoglycoside can accumulate in

A

the kidneys and cause neurotoxicity

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17
Q

Chloroquinoline can cause

A

hallucinations

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18
Q

Meropenem can cause

A

GI toxicity

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19
Q

Drug Action:

Inhibit synthesis cell wall in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

Indications

Treatment infections by streptococcal, pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and other susceptible bacteria

A

Penicillin

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21
Q

Pharmacokinetics

Well absorbed from the GI tract
Excreted unchanged in the urine

A

Penillin

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22
Q

Bactericidal and can CROSS BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

Some Bacteria develop enzyme beta-lactamase which inactivates penicillin. What would be added to penicillin to deactivate the enzyme?

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor such as Clavulanate
Ex. Augmentin (Amoxicillin and Clavulanate)

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24
Q

Drug used to treat STI’s and endocarditis

A

Penicillin

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25
Q

Can treat bacterial meningitis

A

Penicillin

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26
Q

If patient allergic to penicillin, then 30% cross sensitivity to

A

Cephalosporins.

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27
Q

Reactions to Penicillin

A

RASHES
PRURITIS
DIFFICULTY BREATHING
DIARRHEA
N/V
GI upset
Stomatitis

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28
Q

Swelling of mouth and lips

A

Stomatitis

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29
Q

Drug that peaks at 1 hr with a duration of 6-8 hrs

A

Amoxicillin

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30
Q

Group of powerful antibiotics used treat serious infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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31
Q

Group of drugs that are used in place of penicillin

A

aminoglycosides

32
Q

Group of drugs that binds to DNA

A

aminoglycosides

33
Q

Drugs that are poorly absorbed with lots of side effects, causes bone marrow suppression, toxic to kidneys, and ototoxicity

A

aminoglycosides

34
Q

Aminoglycosides list

A

Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Neomycin (Mycifradin)
Streptomycin
Amikacin

35
Q

Pharmacokinetics:

Poorly absorbed from GI tract but rapidly absorbed after IM injection
Widely distributed throughout body, crossing placenta and entering breast milk
Excreted unchanged in urine
Depends on kidney for excretion and toxic kidney (Nephrotoxic)

A

Aminoglycosides

36
Q

Nursing consideration for aminoglycosides

A

Monitor kidney function
and
Level of medication in blood

37
Q

2 aminoglycosides that must be monitored

A

gentamicin and vancomycin

38
Q

Lowest concentration of medication in blood

A

trough

39
Q

Labs that may be drawn for gentamycin and vancomycin

A

peak : 30-60 min after dose
through: 1 hr before next dose

40
Q

Antibiotic drugs that treat various infections caused by susceptible strains bacteria; (acne, STD’s, travelers diarrhea, GU & GYN)

A

Tetracyclines

41
Q

Pharmacokinetics:

Adequately absorbed from the GI tract
Concentrated in the liver, excreted unchanged in the urine

A

Tetracyclines

42
Q

Contraindications:

Allergy, pregnancy, and lactation

Adverse Effects:

In fetus damage to bones and teeth»>
GI* N/V/D, Causes bone marrow suppression

Drug-to-Drug Interactions
oral contraceptive therapy, digoxin etc

A

Tetracyclines

43
Q

No Food- No Dairy with

A

Tetracyclines

44
Q

GIVE 1 HR Before OR 2 HRS AFTER a Meal or other Med

A

Tetracyclines

45
Q

broad spectrum antibiotic that cannot be taken with calcium because it binds to it

A

tetracyclines

46
Q

tetracyclines can be taken

A

PO

47
Q

New broad spectrum antibiotic that can be used to treat endocarditis

A

Carbapenems

48
Q

Used to Treat gram neg & gram positive intra-abdominal, bone/joint, GU conditions

A

Carbapenems

49
Q

Given through IV slowly

Causes N/V/D

hypovolemia

A

Carbapenems

50
Q

Nursing considerations for Carbapenems

A

Monitor for N/V/D, electrolytes (potassium) and hypovolemia

51
Q

Carbapenem drug

A

ertapanem

52
Q

Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonamides

53
Q

Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis

Action:
Interfere with the cell wall–building ability of bacteria when they divide

Indications:
Treatment of infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

Pharmacokinetics:
Well absorbed from the GI tract
Metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine

A

Sulfonamides

54
Q

Contraindications:
Allergy, pregnancy

Adverse Effects:
GI symptoms;
Renal effects related filtration of drug (increase fluids 3L)
Sensitivity to sun

Drug-to-Drug Interactions:
Cross sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
Sulfonylureas
TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH

A

Sulfonamides

55
Q

sulfonamide drug

A

cotrimoxazole

56
Q

If taken together, sulfonamide and sulfonylureas can cause

A

hypoglycemia

57
Q

Chemical that inactivates enzyme in bacteria

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor

58
Q

drug that should not be taken with alcohol or anti-coagulants

A

Cephalosporins

59
Q

FIRST GENERATION Cephalosporins

A

cefazolin (KELFEX)

60
Q

SECOND GENERATION Cephalosporins

A

cefaclor (CECLOR)

61
Q

THIRD GENERATION Cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone (ROCEPHIN)

62
Q

FOURTH GENERATION Cephalosporins

A

cefepime (MAXIPINE)

63
Q

FIFTH GENERATION Cephalosporins

A

ceftaroline (Teflaro)

64
Q

Cephalosporins affective against MSRA

A

ceftaroline (Teflaro) and cefepime (MAXIPINE)

65
Q

“mycin”

A

MACROLIDES

66
Q

Used before dental procedures to prevent infection in heart valve pts allergic to penicillin

A

MACROLIDES

67
Q

MACROLIDES drugs

A

“Mycins”
Azithromycin (Zithromax) or Z-Pack
Erythromycin

68
Q

BLACK BOX warning for people who take corticosteroids:

Tendonitis, tendon rupture,
neuropathy

A

Fluoroquinolones

69
Q

Fluoroquinolone drugs

A

Ciprofloxacin and Levaquin

70
Q

Syndrome characterized by sudden and severe hypotension, fever, chills, paresthesia, and erythema of the neck and back.

A

Red Man syndrome

71
Q

Can be nephrotoxic and cause kidney failure

A

Vancomycin

72
Q

Oral/IV antibiotic given for C.Diff

A

Lipoglycopeptide: VANCOMYCIN

73
Q

Lincosamide drug

A

clindamycin (cleocin)

74
Q

Antibiotic that can also serve as an anti-depressant

A

Oxazolidinones – linezolid (Zyvox)

75
Q

Antibiotic that can also serve as an MAOI

A

Oxazolidinones – linezolid (Zyvox)

76
Q

MAOI

A

Anti-depressants

77
Q

Antibiotic that can treat pneumonia, diabetic foot ulcers, and skin infections

A

Oxazolidinones – linezolid (Zyvox)

Med/Surg (17 decks)

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