Musculoskeletal Cancers Flashcards
malignant cell of mesenchymal origin
sarcoma
Presentation includes: dull, aching pain that increases over time, mass, or incidental fracture
bone tumors
What is the difference between evolution of neoplasm and infection?
neoplasm takes weeks/months whereas infection takes hrs/days
Lesions that cause destruction of bone
osteolytic
Lesions that cause new bone to be formed
osteoblastic
Imaging can have sunburst pattern, Codman’s triangle
osteosarcoma
Imaging can have onion skin appearance, local destruction
Ewing’s
Imaging shows stippled calcification
chondrosarcoma
most valuable initial imaging technique
xrays
best for evaluating subtle bone changes
CT scans
most common primary cancers to metastasize to bone
breast, lung, kidney, thyroid, prostate
lab marker used for osteosarcoma
alkaline phosphatase
lab marker used for lymphoma
lactate dehydrogenase
T/F Most painful masses are inflammatory and benign in nature
true
Extremely rare, Most present in the extremities, and Usually present as soft tissue mass or swelling
soft tissue sarcomas
How do bisphosphonates slow bone loss?
By inhibiting bone reabsorption by osteoclasts
Malignant cells that produce immature bone (osteoid). Present as high grade tumors. Peak incidence, males in 2nd decade
osteosarcoma
imaging that is necessary for staging of osteosarcomas
chest CT and bone scan
Low grade surface lesions seen in women in the third to fifth decade. Posterior distal metaphysis. Low metastatic potential unless it is dedifferentiated chemo not indicated
periosteal osteosarcoma
Chronic disorder that can result in enlarged/misshapen bones. Bone resorption followed by reactive bone formation. Can become malignant
paget’s disease of the bone
tx for paget’s disease of the bone
Bisphosphonates and calcitonin
Family of tumors arising from primitive neuroectodermal cells. Characteristic anaplastic, small, round, blue cells. Rare but second most common bone malignancy of children
Ewing’s
Present with localized pain/swelling of weeks/months duration of long bones and pelvis
Ewing’s
Group of malignant tumors that produce abnormal cartilage. Surgical resection offers only chance for cure
chondrosarcoma
Most frequent neoplasm of the skeleton. Shoulder and knee most common sites
osteochondromas
Rare tumor that arises from muscle cell progenitors. Occur in areas normally lacking in skeletal muscle. most patients present with deep pain not relieved by rest
rhabdomyosarcoma
produce oestoclast activating factors and osteoblast inhibiting factors
myeloma cells
How much bone has to be destroyed before you can see it on xray?
50%
Cancers that are commonly associated with fractues
breast, prostate, lung
