Musculoskeletal Cancers

Question 1

malignant cell of mesenchymal origin

Answer 1

sarcoma

Question 2

Presentation includes: dull, aching pain that increases over time, mass, or incidental fracture

Answer 2

bone tumors

Question 3

What is the difference between evolution of neoplasm and infection?

Answer 3

neoplasm takes weeks/months whereas infection takes hrs/days

Question 4

Lesions that cause destruction of bone

Answer 4

osteolytic

Question 5

Lesions that cause new bone to be formed

Answer 5

osteoblastic

Question 6

Imaging can have sunburst pattern, Codman’s triangle

Answer 6

osteosarcoma

Question 7

Imaging can have onion skin appearance, local destruction

Answer 7

Ewing’s

Question 8

Imaging shows stippled calcification

Answer 8

chondrosarcoma

Question 9

most valuable initial imaging technique

Answer 9

xrays

Question 10

best for evaluating subtle bone changes

Answer 10

CT scans

Question 11

most common primary cancers to metastasize to bone

Answer 11

breast, lung, kidney, thyroid, prostate

Question 12

lab marker used for osteosarcoma

Answer 12

alkaline phosphatase

Question 13

lab marker used for lymphoma

Answer 13

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 14

T/F Most painful masses are inflammatory and benign in nature

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Extremely rare, Most present in the extremities, and Usually present as soft tissue mass or swelling

Answer 15

soft tissue sarcomas

Question 16

How do bisphosphonates slow bone loss?

Answer 16

By inhibiting bone reabsorption by osteoclasts

Question 17

Malignant cells that produce immature bone (osteoid). Present as high grade tumors. Peak incidence, males in 2nd decade

Answer 17

osteosarcoma

Question 18

imaging that is necessary for staging of osteosarcomas

Answer 18

chest CT and bone scan

Question 19

Low grade surface lesions seen in women in the third to fifth decade. Posterior distal metaphysis. Low metastatic potential unless it is dedifferentiated chemo not indicated

Answer 19

periosteal osteosarcoma

Question 20

Chronic disorder that can result in enlarged/misshapen bones. Bone resorption followed by reactive bone formation. Can become malignant

Answer 20

paget’s disease of the bone

Question 21

tx for paget’s disease of the bone

Answer 21

Bisphosphonates and calcitonin

Question 22

Family of tumors arising from primitive neuroectodermal cells. Characteristic anaplastic, small, round, blue cells. Rare but second most common bone malignancy of children

Answer 22

Ewing’s

Question 23

Present with localized pain/swelling of weeks/months duration of long bones and pelvis

Answer 23

Ewing’s

Question 24

Group of malignant tumors that produce abnormal cartilage. Surgical resection offers only chance for cure

Answer 24

chondrosarcoma

Question 25

Most frequent neoplasm of the skeleton. Shoulder and knee most common sites

Answer 25

osteochondromas

Question 26

Rare tumor that arises from muscle cell progenitors. Occur in areas normally lacking in skeletal muscle. most patients present with deep pain not relieved by rest

Answer 26

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 27

produce oestoclast activating factors and osteoblast inhibiting factors

Answer 27

myeloma cells

Question 28

How much bone has to be destroyed before you can see it on xray?

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

Cancers that are commonly associated with fractues

Answer 29

breast, prostate, lung