Intro and Clinical Manifestations of Cancer Flashcards
early warning sign of colorectal cancer
blood in the stool
may be the only sign of bladder cancer
painless hematuria
Types of cancer that can cause pleural effusion
lung cancer or lymphoma
Type of cancer that can cause accumulation of peritoneal fluid
ovarian cancer
What causes anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer?
hypermetabolic state and abnormalities in fat/protein metabolism
Common manifestation of solid tumors except for breast cancer. More common in children and older adults. Weight lost from fat and skeletal muscle
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
Differences in liver mass with starvation vs cachexia
Starvation causes a decrease in liver mass but with cachexia liver mass increases
T/F Oral or parenteral nutritional supplementation reverses cachexia
false, it does not reverse cachexia
occurs in the neuromuscular junctions and muscles. Inability of the peripheral neuromuscular apparatus to perform a task in response to stimulus. Lack of ATP and build up of lactic acid
peripheral fatigue
Difficulty in initiating or maintaining voluntary activities. May be secondary to dysregulation of serotonin and proinflammatory cytokines
central fatigue
What are the mechanisms that malignancies can decrease RBC production by?
nutritonal, bone marrow failure, blunted EPO response, inflammatory cytokines decrease EPO production
Treatment of anemia
Epogen or transfusion
Collections of symptoms that result from substances produced by the tumor and occur remotely from the tumor itself
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
What cancers are most commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes
lung, breast, hematologic
What are the three most common paraneoplastic syndromes?
SIADH, Cushing syndrome, hypercalcemia
