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Oncology > Hematologic Malignancies > Flashcards

Hematologic Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

Spongy tissue where development of all types of blood cells takes place

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

Bones that have active marrow in adults

A

vertebrae, hip, shoulders, ribs, breast and skull

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3
Q

Cancer of white blood cells. characterized by increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow.

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (granulocytic)

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4
Q

Clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder

Associated with characteristic chromosomal translocation- Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (granulocytic)

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5
Q

the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22

A

philadelphia chromosome

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6
Q

result of the translocation is the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene fusion

A

the mutant tyrosine kinase encoded by the BCR-Abl transcript results in a protein that is “always on” (ie cancer)

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7
Q

Therapeutic options for CML that limits growth of tumor cells and decreases risk of blast crisis. Used to induce remission.

A

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec)

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8
Q

Only known cure for CML

A

allogenic stem cell transplantation

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9
Q

Malignant plasma cell tumor

A

Plasmacytoma

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10
Q

Where are extramedullary plasmacytomas usually found?

A

upper respiratory trat

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11
Q

Main signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

bone lesions, bone pain, anemia

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12
Q

What is the cause of renal dysfunction in late stage multiple myeloma?

A

amyloid, light chain, or Bence Jones protein deposition in the kidneys

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13
Q

Types of multiple myeloma with no anemia, bone lesions, normal calcium and kidney fxns

A

MGUS and smoldering MM

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14
Q

Type of multiple myeloma with anemia, bone lesions, high calcium, or abnormal kidney fxn

A

active MM

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15
Q

What causes bone pain associated with multiple myeloma?

A

distention of the periosteum by rapidly growing lesion

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16
Q

found in serum or urine or both at time of diagnosis in 97% of patients with MM

A

M protein

17
Q

Cancers with the highest prevalence of metastatic bone disease

A

breast and prostate cancers

18
Q

primary diagnostic test to detect destructive bony lesions in multiple myeloma

A

skeletal radiography

19
Q

Clinical features include: fatigue, infection, organomegaly, extranodal infiltrates

A

CLL

20
Q

Overall median survival of patients with CLL

A

10 yrs

21
Q

Rai staging of CLL

A

0- lymphocytosis. 1- lymphocytosis w/lymphadenopathy. 2- lymphocytosis w/hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. 3- lymphocytosis w/anemia. 4- lymphocytosis w/thrombocytopenia

22
Q

What predicts rapid disease progression of early stage disease?

A

short lymphocyte doubling time

23
Q

Prognosis based on bone marrow histology patterns

A

diffuse marrow infiltration-poor. nodular pattern-good

24
Q

Intravenous infusion of autologous or allogeneic stem cells. Collected from bone marrow, peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood

A

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

25
Q

Term that describes a graft source from an identical twin

A

syngeneic

26
Q

CI to autologous transplant

A

disease of blood or bone marrow

27
Q

From parent, child or sibling. Must have many stem cells to overcome risk of graft rejection. Increased risk of GVHD

A

Haploidentical Donors

28
Q

Cryopreserved

Small number of stem cells. Higher incidence of engraftment failure. Degree of matching not as stringent

A

Umbilical cord blood

29
Q

clonal stem cell disorder characterised by increased red cell production

A

Polycythaemia vera

30
Q

Associated with JAK2 protein mutation

A

Polycythaemia vera

31
Q

Presentation includes 55-60yrs, vascular complications, hepatosplenomegaly, erythromyalgia

A

Polycythaemia vera

32
Q

Term for increase skin temp, burning sensation, and redness

A

erythromyalgia

33
Q

Treatment of Polycythaemia vera

A

venesection/chemo, low dose aspirin, antihistamines

Oncology (13 decks)

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