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Ther Ex II > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Made up of the contractile proteins actin and myosin and form mm fibers

A

Myofibrils

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2
Q

Muscle cell. Made up of myofibrils and form fasciculus

A

Myofiber

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3
Q

Made up of bundles of myofibers and make up a muscle

A

Fasciculus

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4
Q

Thin filament that myosin binds to in order to perform cross bridges.

A

Actin

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5
Q

Thick filament that has heads to form cross bridges by attaching to actin.

A

Myosin

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6
Q

Binds with calcium and causes tropomyosin to change positions. The little guy.

A

Troponin

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7
Q

Blocks myosin from binding with actin until troponin moves it out of the way. The long guy

A

Tropomyosin

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8
Q

Mm response to single stimulus

A

Twitch

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9
Q

Length detector that provides excitable stimuli to contract mm when stretched. Parallel w/ mm fiber

A

Mm spindle

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10
Q

Tension detector that helps avoid excessive force with contraction. Within tendons

A

GTO Golgi tendon organ

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11
Q

Force generated during a single maximal effort

A

Mm strength

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12
Q

Ability to make repeated contractions against a submaximal load over an extended period of time. Walking, breathing, posture.

A

Mm endurance

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13
Q

Torque=

A

Force x moment arm

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14
Q

Perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation

A

Lever arm

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15
Q

Difference between skeletal mm, cardiac mm, smooth mm

A
  • smooth: multinucleus, unstriated
  • cardiac: single nucleus, striated
  • skeletal: multinucleus, striated
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16
Q

Contraction of mm physiological sequence

A

AP-ACh-mm cell-transverse tubule-SR(calcium)-Troponin moves tropomyosin

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17
Q 
Describe slow twitch type I fibers (4)
High
High
High
Low
A

High mitochondria
High capillary
Low force
High efficiency

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18
Q

Describe fast twitch type IIx mm fibers (4)

A

Low mitochondria
Fastest Vmax
Least efficient
High force

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19
Q

Describe fast twitch type IIa fibers (2)

A

Intermediate fibers

Most trainable

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20
Q

Type I, IIa, IIx mm fiber energy systems

A

Type I: aerobic
Type IIx: anaerobic
Type IIa: anaerobic (largest capacity)

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21
Q

Training that increases mitochondrial density

A

Endurance

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22
Q

Mm fiber type vs athletic performance

  • power athlete (sprinter)
  • endurance athlete
  • weightlifter/other
A
  • power athlete: high fast twitch
  • endurance athlete: high slow twitch
  • weightlifter/other: 50% mixed
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23
Q

Relationship between force, velocity, and power of mm contraction

A

Peak power at 200-300* per sec. Force decreases w/ speeds above this.

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24
Q

Isometric exercise advantages 3

A
  1. 10 degree overflow
  2. Useful for jt ROM restriction
  3. Prevent atrophy
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25
Q

Isometric exercise disadvantages (4)

A
  1. Mostly slow twitch
  2. Limited functionality
  3. Gains specific to jt angle
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26
Q

Weight machine advantages (2)

A
  1. Safer

2. Time efficient

27
Q

Weight machine disadvantages (3)

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Unilateral difficult
  3. Little neuro training
28
Q

Free weights advantages (2)

A
  1. 3 plane movement

2. Neural component

29
Q

Free weights disadvantages (3)

A
  1. Resistance doesn’t vary
  2. Longer to learn
  3. Less safe
30
Q

Closed kinetic chain advantages (3)

A
  1. Eccentric contractions
  2. Decreased shear forces
  3. Improved stability
31
Q

Open kinetic chain advantages (2)

A
  1. Focused strengthening

2. Mostly concentric

32
Q

Open kinetic chain disadvantages (1)

A

Decreased stability

33
Q

Plyometrics movement requirements (3)

A
  1. squat body weight
  2. long jump = to height
  3. SLS w/ eyes closed
34
Q

Isokinetic exercise advantages

A

activate more mm fibers for longer periods

35
Q

Isokinetic exercise disadvantages

A

Not functional

Single plane motion
OKC

36
Q

Quick powerful movements made up of eccentric followed by concentric contractions of the same mm group.

A

Plyometrics

37
Q

less than 3/5 MMT Strengthening exercises (3)

A
  1. grav min
  2. AAROM
  3. Isometric
38
Q

Exercise prescription for endurance (4)

A
  1. 30-40% intense
  2. 12-20 reps
  3. 2-3 sets
  4. 1-2 min rest

low intensity high reps

39
Q

Exercise prescription for strength (4)

A
  1. 60-70% intense
  2. 8-12 reps
  3. 3 sets
  4. 2-3 min rest

Mod intense mod reps

40
Q

Exercise prescription for power (4)

A
  1. 85-100% increase force
  2. 30-60% increase speed
  3. 3-6 reps
  4. 1-3 sets

high intensity low reps

41
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds entire mm. Superficial layer

42
Q

connective tissue that surrounds fascicles. Middle layer

A

Perimysium

43
Q

connective tissue that surrounds each myofiber. Deepest layer

A

Endomysium

44
Q

Physiological justification for strength training. 7 (4)

A
  1. Increase motor units recruited
  2. Type II hypertrophy w/ high intensity
  3. Type I hypertrophy w/ low intensity
  4. Type IIa -> type IIx
45
Q

Benefit of strength training for connective tissue.

A

Increase tensile strength

46
Q

Benefits of strength training for bones

A

Increase bone density

47
Q

Smaller exercise sessions w/ increased freq for pts w/

A

Osteoporosis

48
Q

Benefits of strength training for CV system

A

Increased venous return

49
Q

Isometric parameters

A
  1. Contractions every 15-20*
  2. Rule of 10

(10 reps of 10 sec hold and 10 sec rest)

50
Q

Shortening mm contraction. Uses the most ATP

A

Concentric

51
Q

Lengthening mm contraction. Uses least ATP.

52
Q

Later strength gains are due to…

A

Hypertrophy

53
Q

Ability to respond to a stimulus

A

Irritability

54
Q

Ability to produce tension

A

Contractility

55
Q

Ability to stretch/lengthen

A

Extensibility

56
Q

Ability to return to normal resting length

A

Elasticity

57
Q

Dark portion of mm that is the length of myosin and remains a constant length

58
Q

Light portion of mm that contains actin only and gets smaller with contraction. Outer part

59
Q

The rate at which work of a muscle is performed

59
Q

Initial strength gains are due to…

A

Neural changes

59
Q

What is the goal of Plyometrics?

A

Increase power and speed

61
Q

Myosin only. Gets smaller with contraction. Middle part

62
Q

Training that increases mm fiber size and force of production

A

resistance training

Ther Ex II (9 decks)

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