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Ther Ex II > Mobility Impairments > Flashcards

Mobility Impairments Flashcards

1
Q

ability to move a jt easily throughout a full biomechanically correct ROM. Particularly 2 jt mm

A

flexibility

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2
Q

fixed jt that has high resistance to passive or active stretch. described by action of shortened mm/tissue

A

contracture

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3
Q

shortening of tissue relative to its normal resting length over time. “postural syndromes”

A

adaptive shortening

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4
Q

adequate tissue length to move through full ROM. dealing with blockage issues

A

passive mobility

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5
Q

neuromuscular skill to control movement. dealing with strength issues

A

active mobility

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6
Q

“tissues remodel in response to the demands/lack of demands placed on them”

A

Wolfe’s law

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7
Q

Static, highly used mm are at greater risk for

A

atrophy

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8
Q

high periods of immobility result in a greater ________ than loss of mm mass

A

functional loss

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9
Q

Immobilization effects on tendons (2)

A
  1. Reduce load tolerance

2. Cross linking of fibers

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10
Q

immobilization effects on ligaments (2)

A
  1. Cross linking of fibers

2. Bone resorption at insertion sites

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11
Q

immobilization effects on articular cartilage

A

Cartilage softens from increased water and decreased proteoglycan

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12
Q

immobilization effects on bone (2)

A
  1. Resorption increases

2. Formation decreases

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13
Q

immobilization effects on CV system (2)

A
  1. Venous return decreases

2. CO decreases

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14
Q

immobilization effects on respiratory system (2)

A
  1. Restricted lung expansion

2. Decrease gas exchange

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15
Q

immobilization effects on GI system

A

Peristalsis decreases

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16
Q

immobilization effects on urinary system (3)

A
  1. Kidneys can’t drain
  2. Kidney stones
  3. Infection
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17
Q

during remobilization, _____ heals the fastest and ____ heals the slowest

A

bone, articular cartilage

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18
Q

Indications for PROM (3)

A
  1. active motion disrupts healing
  2. pain
  3. maintain/increase available ROM
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19
Q

Indications for AAROM (3)

A
  1. maintain/increase available ROM
  2. increase circulation
  3. can’t complete full AROM
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20
Q

Indications for AROM (3)

A
  1. increase mm strength/endurance
  2. increase circulation
  3. improve mvmt mechanics
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21
Q

stretching contraindications (3)

A
  1. infection
  2. bony block
  3. hypermobility
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22
Q

stretching precautions (3)

A
  1. recent fracture
  2. osteoporosis
  3. elderly
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23
Q

force applied to a tissue

A

stress

24
Q

deformation of tissue in response to external load

A

strain

25
Q

Stress/strain regions in order (4)

A
  1. toe region
  2. elastic range
  3. plastic range
  4. Failure range
26
Q

Initial application of force on collagen fibers. Tension developes

A

Toe region

27
Q

Area where mm is deformed but returns to original shape once load is removed.

A

Elastic range/deformation

28
Q

Area where increasing stress on a mm results in progressive failure, microscopic tearing of collagen. Permanent change. Increases ROM of tissue

A

Plastic range/deformation

29
Q

Area where change in tissue produces mechanical failure. Fracture, rupture, strain, sprain

A

Failure range

30
Q

load is applied for an extended period of time (>60s) to cause tissue elongation that does not return to original length. turns off mm spindles

A

Creep

31
Q

Chronic effect of stretching

A

Sarcomeres added

32
Q

acute effects of stretching (2)

A
  1. elongation of elastic tissue

2. decreased mm spindle activity

33
Q

four considerations when stretching

A
  1. alignment
  2. stability
  3. intensity
  4. duration
34
Q

application of steady force for a sustained period at a point just past tissue resistance. 30-60s w/ less force

A

static stretching

35
Q

relatively short duration stretch that is repeatedly applied, released, applied. 5-30s hold. Spindles never desensitize

A

cyclic stretching

36
Q

high velocity, bouncing movements at end range or quick movements that impose rapid change in mm length. Bounce 15-60 sec. More risky

A

dynamic/ballistic stretching

37
Q

four types of stretching

A
  1. static
  2. cyclic
  3. dynamic/ballistic
  4. PNF
38
Q

use neurophysiologic effects of autogenic inhibition. useful for mm spasms

A

PNF stretching

39
Q

reduction in tone after brief periods of isometric contraction

A

post-isometric relaxation

40
Q

high tension in a mm causes relaxation of the same mm (GTO)

A

autogenic inhibition

41
Q

process by which mm on one side of a jt relax to accommodate contraction on the other side of jt

A

reciprocal inhibition

42
Q
  1. bring limb to end ROM
  2. pt isometrically contracts
  3. relax
  4. pt passively moves limb further into range
A

hold relax passive PNF

43
Q
  1. bring limb to end ROM
  2. pt isometrically contracts
  3. relax
  4. pt actively moves limb further into range
A

hold relax active PNF

44
Q
  1. bring limb to end ROM
  2. pt concentrically contracts
  3. relax
  4. pt actively moves limb further into range
A

Contract relax active PNF

45
Q

Goal of hold relax passive

A

autogenic inhibition

46
Q

goal of hold relax active

A

autogenic inhibition then reciprocal inhibition

47
Q

goal of contract relax

A

autogenic inhibition

48
Q

Stretching no nos (3)

A
  1. Don’t force beyond normal ROM
  2. Don’t stretch w/out strengthening
  3. Don’t overstretch postural mm
49
Q

Congenital neuro condition w/ tissue attached to spinal cord. PT contraindicated.

A

Tethered cord syndrom

50
Q

Postural neuro condition that responds well to neural mobilization and neural tension stretching

A

nerve root and dural movement disorder

51
Q

manual therapy aimed at restoring arthrokinematic motion

A

jt mobilization

52
Q

indications for jt mobilization

A
  1. jt pain
  2. mm spasm/guarding
  3. jt hypomobility
53
Q

facilitates mm contraction

A

jt compression

54
Q

facilitates mm relaxation, pain relief

A

jt distraction

55
Q

Grades of jt mobilization PTAs are able to practice

A

I-IV

56
Q

Jt mobilization contra/precautions (4)

A
  1. hypermobility
  2. jt swelling
  3. malignancy
  4. jt replacement

Ther Ex II (9 decks)

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