CV exercise Flashcards
cardiac output=
heart rate x stroke volume
HR x SV
normal resting HR
50-80 bpm
Max HR=
220-age
increase in HR during exercise is achieved by decreased time in…
diastole
SV=
End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
EDV-ESV
stroke volume is regulated by (3)
- EDV
- Average aortic BP
- Ventricular contraction strength
“Greater preload results in stretch of ventricles which increase force of contraction”
Frank-Starling mechanism
3 mechanisms for increasing venous return
- venoconstriction
- respiratory pump
- skeletal mm pump
increased mean arterial pressure will ____ stroke volume
decrease
BP normal
120/80 mmHg
BP increases w/ (4)
- CO
- Resistance
- Blood volume
- Blood viscosity
during exercise, which BP measurement increases the most?
systolic
Resistance is dependent upon (3)
- Radius
- Viscosity
- Length
the difference in oxygen levels in artery vs vein
A-V O2
“Blood is diverted away from systemic organs and to skeletal mm during exercise”
Wolf’s Law
Consists of trachea, main stem bronchi, L and R bronchi, terminal bronchioles
Conducting zone
Consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Respiratory zone
volume of gas inspired or expired during an unforced respiratory cycle
tidal volume
max amount of gas that can be expired after a max inspiration
vital capacity
amount of gas left after maximal expiration
residual volume
amount of gas in lungs after a maximum inspiration
total lung capacity
CO2 is transported in blood by (3)
- Bicarbonate (70%)
- Hemoglobin (20%)
- Dissolved (10%)
Chemoreceptors send messages to _____ to provide initial drive for ventilation
medulla oblongata
With exercise, respiratory rate and tidal volume…
increase
Chronic changes to CV function with training (3)
- increased max CO
- increased capillary density
- decreased resting HR
Abnormal responses to exercise (3)
- no HR rise
- SBP rises over 20 mmHg or decreases
- DBP increases over 15mmHg
What does FITT stand for?
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Frequency is dependent on (3)
- pt goals
- intensity/duration
- previous fitness level
target HR range for overload for healthy person
60-90% of HR max
target VO2 range for overload for healthy person
50-85% VO2 max
target HR range for overload for unhealthy person
40-60% HR max
target VO2 range for overload for unhealthy person
40-50% VO2 max
Karvonen formula for target HR range
(HR max - HR rest) x intensity + HR rest
MET level =
VO2 / 3.5 mL/kg/min
VO2 max =
HR max X SV max X (a-VO2)max
How do you increase intensity? (3)
- resistance
- speed
- remove stabilization
continuous training that is >30min 40-59% VO2 max
low intensity, long duration training
continuous training that is25-50 min, 80-90% VO2 max
high intensity training
Which training method is best for weight loss?
Low intensity, long duration continuous
which training method is best for increasing VO2max?
High intensity continuous
Cardiovascular training methods (3)
- continuous
- interval
- circuit
High intensity, short duration training (>60 sec, 85-100 HR max) Work/rest intervals
Interval training
series of activities repeated several times
circuit training
arm exercises result in higher (2)
- HR
2. BP
work =
force x distance
power =
work/time
measurement of heat production as an indication of metabolic rate
direct calorimetry
measurement of oxygen consumption as an estimate of resting metabolic rate
indirect calorimetry
Difference between direct and indirect calorimetry
direct uses ATP
Indications to stop test (3)
- Angina
- SOB
- SBP drops
