Motor learning Flashcards
What is the goal of Ther ex?
Achieve optimal level of symptom free movement
Systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities
Therapeutic exercise
Ther ex allows patient to (4)
- Prevent impairment
- Increase function
- Reduce risk factors
- Optimize health
Ther ex addresses (3)
- Impairments
- Functional limitations
- Participation restrictions
Justifies HOW the intervention is doing what you want it to do
physiological justification
Justifies WHY the exercise should be done and WHY it is important
clinical justification
Pt takes info from memory, perception, sensation to influence motor patterns and make changes to the brain
new motor skill
process of registration, retention and recall of past experience
memory
Explicit memory of specific facts and events
declarative memory
recall of movements/motor info
motor/procedural memory
“repeat after me” memory
immediate memory
ability to sort and organize incoming sensory stimuli into meaningful data
perception
any sensory info the body is picking up. used to guide/alter movements currently happening
sensation
existing motor programs are modified and reassembled to form a new plan. Taking what we already know and making it fit a new task
motor plan
ability of the learner to demonstrate the skill over time after a period of no practice
retention
ability to apply a learned skill to learning other similar tasks. Throwing baseball ->throwing a baseball
generalizability
capacity of the brain to adapt to injury through mechanisms of repair and change
neuroplasticity
developmental task progression 1-4
- mobility 2. stability 3. controlled mobility 4. skill
ability to move from one position to another. Usually not full range, well sustained or coordinated.
Mobility
Examples of mobility
Rolling, supine, sit to stand
Mobility occurs in _______ positions
dependent
ability to maintain a steady position in a weight bearing, against gravity posture. Static postural control
Stability
What is an integral part of stability?
Prolonged holding (endurance)
What are examples of stability?
Prone on elbows POE, quad, sitting, standing
With stability COM must be…
within BOS
Types of controlled mobility (2)
- dynamic postural control
2. Static-Dynamic postural control
ability to alter position/move in a weight-bearing position while maintaining postural stability. Mobility ON stability
dynamic postural control
ability to weight shift to one limb and free the opposite for non-weight bearing, dynamic activities. One side dynamic, one side static
static-dynamic postural control
failure to perform weight shift and fix distal segments with dynamic postural control results in…
LOB
What movement is static-dynamic postural control important for?
ambulation
highly coordinated movements that allow for adaptability to meet the demands of the individual AND the environment. QUALITY of movement
Skill
proximal segments stabilize the body while distal segments area free to function
skill
Motor task with recognizable beginning and end. push up, kick ball, grasp object
discrete
motor task with series of discrete movements combined in a particular sequence. Wheelchair xfer, eat w/ fork
serial
Motor task with repetitive, uninterrupted movements w/out distinct beginning and end. Walking, stair climb, cycling
continuous
Tasks are made harder or easier in order to facilitate progression
taxonomy of tasks
who came up with taxonomy of tasks
Dr. Gentile
environment of task where objects around pt do not move
closed environment
environment of task where objects/people/surfaces move and are not under control of the pt
open environment
set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to a relatively permanent change in the capability to perform a skill
motor learning
what are the three stages of motor learning?
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
develop an overall understanding of skill. what to do
cognitive stage
refinement of motor program through practice. how to do it
associative stage
motor performance is largely automatic. How to succeed
autonomous stage
requirements of motor learning (5)
- understanding
- attention
- demonstration
- practice
- feedback
practice that is good in early stages of learning of complex serial tasks. Good for discrete tasks w/ independent parts
Part practice
practice that is good for complex tasks w/ highly integrated parts, high coordination. Good for continuous tasks like walking, stair climbing
whole practice
practice order with same task within session AAAAA
blocked
practice order with predictable order. ABCABCABC
serial
practice order with unpredictable order.Improves retention. ABCCBABCA
random
Physical practice is better than mental alone and…
physical plus mental is better than physical alone
practice duration that is continuous and may lead to fatigue
massed practice
spaced practice where rest is equal to or exceeds practice time
distributed practice
what is massed practice good for?
highly motivated, skilled, and endurance levels
what is distributed practice good for?
long complex tasks, low motivation or attention
naturally occurring info derived from individual performing the movement.
intrinsic feedback
extra feedback from external sources. visual, verbal, tactile
augmented(extrinsic) feedback
feedback given during task
concurrent
feedback given after task is completed
terminal
terminal feedback about the overall OUTCOME of the movement.
knowledge of results
Concurrent or terminal feedback about nature or QUALITY of movement.
knowledge of performance
irregular, random feedback for promoting learning
intermittent
ongoing feedback for skill aquisition
continuous
feedback directly after task completed. cognitive stage
immediate
feedback after learner reflects on task. promotes retention, generalizability
delayed
feedback after several repetitions. associative stage
summary
in late training, _____ is emphasized
feel
