Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Risk Factors
- Overlap with other conditions
- Increased Age
- Smoking
- Low physical activity
- Poor social support
- Depression and anxiety
- Sleep disorders
- Performance of manual work
- Low socioeconomic status
- Being a person of color
MYOFASCIAL PAIN
-a chronic pain disorder in which pressure on
sensitized muscles, or trigger points, causes pain that presents in other muscular
regions
-from tightened muscle fiber
bands that form after injuries or overuse
MYOFASCIAL PAIN ETIOLOGY
-A primary difference between myofascial pain and fibromyalgia is the location of
perceived pain
A primary difference between myofascial pain and fibromyalgia is the location of
perceived pain
-deep muscular pain or a muscle knot
- weak and inflexible,
- lose range of motion
-sleep
MYOFASCIAL PAIN
DIAGNOSIS
set of 9 trigger points, which are palpated
* Muscular twitches in response to palpation, referred to as jump signs, are indicative of myofascial pain syndrome.
Four types of trigger points are identified:
- (1) active (produce muscular twitch and are the origin )
- (2) latent (do not elicit pain upon palpation and can remain
dormant for years, only becoming active in response to trauma) - (3) secondary (become active when a different muscle
receives pressure) - (4) satellite (become activated and elicit pain because of their
close proximity to another trigger point)
Avoiding factors that can exacerbate the syndrome is key to its course
- Avoiding or minimizing repetitive motions and poor posture in daily life
- Reducing stress
- Following sleep hygiene recommendations to maximize restorative sleep
- Finding safe ways to exercises/remain active
- Good nutrition
LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
when the nerves that extend off of the spinal cord become
compressed by bones and cartilage that have experienced structural changes as
a result of injury, disease, or the aging process.
* When radiculopathy occurs in the lumbar spine, it is referred to as lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica
LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
DIAGNOSIS
(1) assessment of strength, sensation, and reflex function
* (2) assessment of the structural integrity of the lower back and nerves extending
from the spinal cord
HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
when vertebral pressure from below and above an intervertebral disc forces the outer layer of the disc (annulus)
to rupture
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
-condition of spinal instability affecting the lumbar vertebrae in which one vertebra
displaces or slides over another
-frequently occurs between L4 and S1
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
* Signs and Symptoms
Can often be asymptomatic.
* When symptoms do occur, they commonly present as lower back pain
FACET JOINT SYNDROME
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
-Characterized by low back pain,
-inflammation
-stiffness
SPINAL STENOSIS
-when one or more spinal openings, or foramina, begin to narrow causing pressure on the spinal cord
-can result from
* (1) spinal osteoarthritis
* (2) degenerative disc disease
* (3) spinal ligament ossification
ROTATOR CUFF TENDONITIS AND BURSITIS
-Rotator cuff tendonitis is an inflammation of the four shoulder muscles and tendons
* The bursa, or soft fluid-filled pads that cushion and lubricate the shoulder structures
ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
-Frozen shoulder
* Connective tissues of the shoulder joint become thickened, stiff, inflamed, and painful over time.
* Scar tissue commonly forms in the shoulder capsule
MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS
- Golfer syndrome
- A painful condition occurring from overuse of the muscles and tendons attached to the inside of the elbow or medial epicondyle of the humerus
LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS
- Tennis elbow
- Most common overuse syndrome of the elbow
- Caused by repetitive use of the forearm muscles responsible for wrist extension
OLECRANON BURSITIS
-small fluid-filled sacs that are located throughout the body and provide lubrication for
soft tissue to easily glide over bone
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
- Pathology of a joint in which disrupted blood flow to the joint results in localized necrosis and loosening of bone and cartilage
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
- Result of the compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
- Most commonly occurs as a result of median nerve inflammation caused from
overuse and repetitive motions
DE QUERVAIN TENOSYNOVITIS
- Pain and inflammation of the tendons located on the radial side of the wrist at the
base of the thumb
STENOSING TENOSYNOVITIS
- Trigger finger and trigger thumb
- Painful condition of the hand in which one or more fingers or thumb no longer glide easily
into extension/flexion, but instead become stiff and may lock.
