Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Risk Factors

Answer 1

• Overlap with other conditions
• Increased Age
• Smoking
• Low physical activity
• Poor social support
• Depression and anxiety
• Sleep disorders
• Performance of manual work
• Low socioeconomic status
• Being a person of color

Question 2

MYOFASCIAL PAIN

Answer 2

-a chronic pain disorder in which pressure on
sensitized muscles, or trigger points, causes pain that presents in other muscular
regions
-from tightened muscle fiber
bands that form after injuries or overuse

Question 3

MYOFASCIAL PAIN ETIOLOGY

Answer 3

-A primary difference between myofascial pain and fibromyalgia is the location of
perceived pain

Question 4

A primary difference between myofascial pain and fibromyalgia is the location of
perceived pain

Answer 4

-deep muscular pain or a muscle knot
- weak and inflexible,
- lose range of motion
-sleep

Question 5

MYOFASCIAL PAIN
DIAGNOSIS

Answer 5

set of 9 trigger points, which are palpated
* Muscular twitches in response to palpation, referred to as jump signs, are indicative of myofascial pain syndrome.

Question 6

Four types of trigger points are identified:

Answer 6

• (1) active (produce muscular twitch and are the origin )
• (2) latent (do not elicit pain upon palpation and can remain
  dormant for years, only becoming active in response to trauma)
• (3) secondary (become active when a different muscle
  receives pressure)
• (4) satellite (become activated and elicit pain because of their
  close proximity to another trigger point)

Question 7

Avoiding factors that can exacerbate the syndrome is key to its course

Answer 7

• Avoiding or minimizing repetitive motions and poor posture in daily life
• Reducing stress
• Following sleep hygiene recommendations to maximize restorative sleep
• Finding safe ways to exercises/remain active
• Good nutrition

Question 8

LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY

Answer 8

when the nerves that extend off of the spinal cord become
compressed by bones and cartilage that have experienced structural changes as
a result of injury, disease, or the aging process.
* When radiculopathy occurs in the lumbar spine, it is referred to as lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica

Question 9

LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
DIAGNOSIS

Answer 9

(1) assessment of strength, sensation, and reflex function
* (2) assessment of the structural integrity of the lower back and nerves extending
from the spinal cord

Question 10

HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

Answer 10

when vertebral pressure from below and above an intervertebral disc forces the outer layer of the disc (annulus)
to rupture

Question 11

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Answer 11

-condition of spinal instability affecting the lumbar vertebrae in which one vertebra
displaces or slides over another
-frequently occurs between L4 and S1

Question 12

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
* Signs and Symptoms

Answer 12

Can often be asymptomatic.
* When symptoms do occur, they commonly present as lower back pain

Question 13

FACET JOINT SYNDROME
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Answer 13

-Characterized by low back pain,
-inflammation
-stiffness

Question 14

SPINAL STENOSIS

Answer 14

-when one or more spinal openings, or foramina, begin to narrow causing pressure on the spinal cord
-can result from
* (1) spinal osteoarthritis
* (2) degenerative disc disease
* (3) spinal ligament ossification

Question 15

ROTATOR CUFF TENDONITIS AND BURSITIS

Answer 15

-Rotator cuff tendonitis is an inflammation of the four shoulder muscles and tendons
* The bursa, or soft fluid-filled pads that cushion and lubricate the shoulder structures

Question 16

ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS

Answer 16

-Frozen shoulder
* Connective tissues of the shoulder joint become thickened, stiff, inflamed, and painful over time.
* Scar tissue commonly forms in the shoulder capsule

Question 17

MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS

Answer 17

• Golfer syndrome
• A painful condition occurring from overuse of the muscles and tendons attached to the inside of the elbow or medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 18

LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS

Answer 18

• Tennis elbow
• Most common overuse syndrome of the elbow
• Caused by repetitive use of the forearm muscles responsible for wrist extension

Question 19

OLECRANON BURSITIS

Answer 19

-small fluid-filled sacs that are located throughout the body and provide lubrication for
soft tissue to easily glide over bone

Question 20

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

Answer 20

• Pathology of a joint in which disrupted blood flow to the joint results in localized necrosis and loosening of bone and cartilage

Question 21

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Answer 21

• Result of the compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
• Most commonly occurs as a result of median nerve inflammation caused from
  overuse and repetitive motions

Question 22

DE QUERVAIN TENOSYNOVITIS

Answer 22

• Pain and inflammation of the tendons located on the radial side of the wrist at the
  base of the thumb

Question 23

STENOSING TENOSYNOVITIS

Answer 23

• Trigger finger and trigger thumb
• Painful condition of the hand in which one or more fingers or thumb no longer glide easily
  into extension/flexion, but instead become stiff and may lock.