Mental Health Disorders

Question 1

Performance Problems

Answer 1

 Regulating and controlling behaviors
 Interacting and collaborating with others
 Forming and maintaining friendships
 Relating to and taking directions from adults
 Attending to tasks

Question 2

DSM-V

Answer 2

-Assists health care professionals to describe and organize physical, mental, and behavioral signs and symptoms
 Helps to determine effective interventions
 Assists in measuring treatment effectiveness

Question 3

Probable Mental Health Concerns

Answer 3

● Internalizing behavior(s)
● Externalizing behavior(s)
● Adverse childhood experience(s)

Question 4

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 4

● Developmental deficits that interfere with successful engagement in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
 Motor disorders
 Tic disorders
 Specific learning disorders (SLDs)

Question 5

ADHD

Answer 5

Two presentations:
 Inattentive: difficulty sustaining attention, loses things
 Hyperactivity-impulsivity: excessive energy and motor activity
-Symptoms must be present before 7 years of age and last for at least 6 months.

Question 6

Motor Disorders

Answer 6

Characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated movements

Question 7

Tic Disorders: Tourette Syndrome

Answer 7

Genetic disorder, onset at 6 to 7 years repetitive, involuntary motor and vocal tics

Question 8

Specific Learning Disorders

Answer 8

5% to 15% of school-aged children
● Performance well below average of peers; severe
discrepancy between ability and achievement
 Mild, moderate, and severe
 Dyslexia: reading disability
 Dysgraphia: writing disability
 Dyscalculia: math disability

Question 9

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and
Conduct Disorders

Answer 9

● Socially disruptive behaviors
● Violate the rights of others:
 Aggression
 Property destruction
● Problems with emotions (anger, irritation) and
behaviors (aggression, defiance)

Question 10

Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder

Answer 10

Long-standing behaviors that violate the
rights of others and rules of society

Question 11

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 11

Negative, hostile, and defiant behaviors,
uncharacteristic in other children

Question 12

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 12

Prevalence: 13 in 100; more common in
females
● Anxiety: normal adaptive response to stress
difficulty making decisions, learning,
concentrating, and accurately perceiving
situations
● Poor school attendance, low self-esteem,
adjustment difficulties, and poor social skills

Question 13

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 13

Excessive anxiety and worrying without a trigger
 About future, school performance, family health
● Cannot control their fears, result in
 Irritability
 Negative self-image
 Inability to relax
 Difficulty concentrating
 Disrupted sleep
● Difficulties with performance in all areas of occupations

Question 14

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Answer 14

Extreme anxiety when anticipating separation or separating from home or primary caregiver.
Display:
 Refusal to go to school or overnights with friends
 Nightmares of separation
 Somatic or physical symptoms:
headaches, dizziness, palpitations, tomachaches, nausea, and vomiting
 Delayed social development
 Poor academic performance

Question 15

Social Anxiety (Social Phobia) Disorder

Answer 15

Phobias: specific, persistent, and recurring fears of things and situations
● Social anxiety: fear when in social situations
● Panic attacks
● Avoidance of phobia is disabling

Question 16

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 16

characterized by disruptive, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety
● Compulsive, ritualistic, repetitive patterns of behavior to reduce anxiety

Question 17

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 17

preoccupation with
perceived physical flaws/deficits
 Drive a person to perform excessive, repetitive acts such as looking in mirror or feeling body part.

Question 18

Hoarding disorder

Answer 18

difficulty getting rid of items
 Associated with indecisiveness, avoidance

Question 19

Trichotillomania and Excoriation

Answer 19

-(hair pulling) disorde
-(skin picking) disorder

Question 20

Reactive attachment disorder

Answer 20

pattern of delayed attachment behaviors
 Child minimally turns to primary caregiver for comfort, support, etc.

Question 21

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 21

pattern of behavior wherein child is overly familiar with relative strangers

Question 22

Anxiety Disorders: Acute and Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (ASD/PTSD)

Answer 22

Both ASD and PTSD develop in response to atraumatic event.
 ASD is an immediate stress response to trauma that lasts ~1 month.
 PTSD: symptoms that last longer than 1 month
 Recurring nightmares
 Repeated memories of the event
 Difficulty sleeping
 Changes in eating habits
 Complaints of physical symptoms
 Difficulties with all areas of occupation
● Comorbid disorders: panic attacks, substance abuse

Question 23

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
Disorder

Answer 23

Child between 7 and 18 years of age who is angry and irritable all of the time
 Verbal or behavioral outbursts at least 3 times a week
across environments
* Aggressive, destructive acts against property, self, or others

Question 24

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 24

Most common mood disorders are major depression, minor depression, and brief recurrent depression.
● No single cause
-Many functional difficulties with depression
- Comorbidities: phobias, substance abuse, sexual promiscuity

Question 25

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 25

genetic predisposition
● Two extremes of mood:
 Depression: similar to major depressive symptoms
 Mania: excessive elation, energy, aggression, impulsivity
 These two go in cycles.
● Poor school performance
● Few social relationships
● Disorganization
● Difficulty regulating behavior

Question 26

Schizophrenia

Answer 26

erious, chronic condition
● Positive symptoms of an acute episode:
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
 Disorganized speech
 Disorganized motor behavior
● Negative symptoms can include:
 Lethargy
 Blunted affect
● Prodromal stage: before first acute psychotic episode;

Question 27

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 27

intense fear of being overweight, although their weight is
normally below average

Question 28

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 28

● Normal to above average weight
● Binging followed by purging but not on a regular basis
● Psychosocial symptoms similar to those of anorexia nervosa

Question 29

Pica disorder

Answer 29

eating nonfood or nonnutritive
substances for more than one month

Question 30

Rumination disorder

Answer 30

regurgitates food repetitively. May rechew, swallow, or spit out the food

Question 31

Enuresis

Answer 31

epeated elimination of urine
involuntarily or intentionally in inappropriate places (at least 2 occurrences per week for 3
months)

Question 32

Encopresis

Answer 32

repeated elimination of feces in
inappropriate places (at least once a month for three months)

Question 33

Insomnia

Answer 33

difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep

Question 34

Sleep-related hypoventilation

Answer 34

episodes of shallow
breathing throughout the night

Question 35

Parasomnias

Answer 35

abnormal behaviors, experiential or
physiological events that occur while sleeping
* Sleepwalking, sleep terrors, nightmares

Question 36

Abuse

Answer 36

pattern of use causes adverse consequences

Question 37

Dependence (addiction)

Answer 37

pattern of continued use despite
serious cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms

Question 38

Inhalant-Related Disorder

Answer 38

● Common among children and adolescents
● Huffing or sniffing (gasoline, glue)
● Can cause psychotic experiences
● Can cause serious medical conditions
● Neglect of self-care
● Decreased attendance and performance in school