Mental Health Disorders Flashcards by Payton Boyd

Performance Problems

 Regulating and controlling behaviors
 Interacting and collaborating with others
 Forming and maintaining friendships
 Relating to and taking directions from adults
 Attending to tasks

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DSM-V

-Assists health care professionals to describe and organize physical, mental, and behavioral signs and symptoms
 Helps to determine effective interventions
 Assists in measuring treatment effectiveness

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Probable Mental Health Concerns

● Internalizing behavior(s)
● Externalizing behavior(s)
● Adverse childhood experience(s)

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders

● Developmental deficits that interfere with successful engagement in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
 Motor disorders
 Tic disorders
 Specific learning disorders (SLDs)

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ADHD

Two presentations:
 Inattentive: difficulty sustaining attention, loses things
 Hyperactivity-impulsivity: excessive energy and motor activity
-Symptoms must be present before 7 years of age and last for at least 6 months.

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Motor Disorders

Characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated movements

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Tic Disorders: Tourette Syndrome

Genetic disorder, onset at 6 to 7 years repetitive, involuntary motor and vocal tics

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Specific Learning Disorders

5% to 15% of school-aged children
● Performance well below average of peers; severe
discrepancy between ability and achievement
 Mild, moderate, and severe
 Dyslexia: reading disability
 Dysgraphia: writing disability
 Dyscalculia: math disability

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Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and
Conduct Disorders

● Socially disruptive behaviors
● Violate the rights of others:
 Aggression
 Property destruction
● Problems with emotions (anger, irritation) and
behaviors (aggression, defiance)

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Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder

Long-standing behaviors that violate the
rights of others and rules of society

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Negative, hostile, and defiant behaviors,
uncharacteristic in other children

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Anxiety Disorders

Prevalence: 13 in 100; more common in
females
● Anxiety: normal adaptive response to stress
difficulty making decisions, learning,
concentrating, and accurately perceiving
situations
● Poor school attendance, low self-esteem,
adjustment difficulties, and poor social skills

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Excessive anxiety and worrying without a trigger
 About future, school performance, family health
● Cannot control their fears, result in
 Irritability
 Negative self-image
 Inability to relax
 Difficulty concentrating
 Disrupted sleep
● Difficulties with performance in all areas of occupations

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

Extreme anxiety when anticipating separation or separating from home or primary caregiver.
Display:
 Refusal to go to school or overnights with friends
 Nightmares of separation
 Somatic or physical symptoms:
headaches, dizziness, palpitations, tomachaches, nausea, and vomiting
 Delayed social development
 Poor academic performance

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Social Anxiety (Social Phobia) Disorder

Phobias: specific, persistent, and recurring fears of things and situations
● Social anxiety: fear when in social situations
● Panic attacks
● Avoidance of phobia is disabling

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

characterized by disruptive, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety
● Compulsive, ritualistic, repetitive patterns of behavior to reduce anxiety

Body dysmorphic disorder

preoccupation with
perceived physical flaws/deficits
 Drive a person to perform excessive, repetitive acts such as looking in mirror or feeling body part.

Hoarding disorder

difficulty getting rid of items
 Associated with indecisiveness, avoidance

Trichotillomania and Excoriation

-(hair pulling) disorde
-(skin picking) disorder

Reactive attachment disorder

pattern of delayed attachment behaviors
 Child minimally turns to primary caregiver for comfort, support, etc.

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

pattern of behavior wherein child is overly familiar with relative strangers

Anxiety Disorders: Acute and Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (ASD/PTSD)

Both ASD and PTSD develop in response to atraumatic event.
 ASD is an immediate stress response to trauma that lasts ~1 month.
 PTSD: symptoms that last longer than 1 month
 Recurring nightmares
 Repeated memories of the event
 Difficulty sleeping
 Changes in eating habits
 Complaints of physical symptoms
 Difficulties with all areas of occupation
● Comorbid disorders: panic attacks, substance abuse

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
Disorder

Child between 7 and 18 years of age who is angry and irritable all of the time
 Verbal or behavioral outbursts at least 3 times a week
across environments
* Aggressive, destructive acts against property, self, or others

Major Depressive Disorder

Most common mood disorders are major depression, minor depression, and brief recurrent depression.
● No single cause
-Many functional difficulties with depression
- Comorbidities: phobias, substance abuse, sexual promiscuity

Bipolar Disorder

genetic predisposition ● Two extremes of mood:  Depression: similar to major depressive symptoms  Mania: excessive elation, energy, aggression, impulsivity  These two go in cycles. ● Poor school performance ● Few social relationships ● Disorganization ● Difficulty regulating behavior

Schizophrenia

erious, chronic condition ● Positive symptoms of an acute episode:  Delusions  Hallucinations  Disorganized speech  Disorganized motor behavior ● Negative symptoms can include:  Lethargy  Blunted affect ● Prodromal stage: before first acute psychotic episode;

Anorexia Nervosa

intense fear of being overweight, although their weight is normally below average

Bulimia Nervosa

● Normal to above average weight ● Binging followed by purging but not on a regular basis ● Psychosocial symptoms similar to those of anorexia nervosa

Pica disorder

eating nonfood or nonnutritive substances for more than one month

Rumination disorder

regurgitates food repetitively. May rechew, swallow, or spit out the food

Enuresis

epeated elimination of urine involuntarily or intentionally in inappropriate places (at least 2 occurrences per week for 3 months)

Encopresis

repeated elimination of feces in inappropriate places (at least once a month for three months)

Insomnia

difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep

Sleep-related hypoventilation

episodes of shallow breathing throughout the night

Parasomnias

abnormal behaviors, experiential or physiological events that occur while sleeping * Sleepwalking, sleep terrors, nightmares

Abuse

pattern of use causes adverse consequences

Dependence (addiction)

pattern of continued use despite serious cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms

Inhalant-Related Disorder

● Common among children and adolescents ● Huffing or sniffing (gasoline, glue) ● Can cause psychotic experiences ● Can cause serious medical conditions ● Neglect of self-care ● Decreased attendance and performance in school